About: Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM2.5 during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China

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About: Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM2.5 during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM2.5 during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China
Creator	Chen, Hui Xiao, Hang Duan, Yusen Fu, Qingyan Chen, Jianmin Huo, Juntao
source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in Wuhan, Hubei in December 2019 and in January 2020 and was later transmitted to the entire country. Quarantine measures during Chinese New Year effectively alleviated the spread of the epidemic, but they simultaneously resulted in a decline in anthropogenic emissions from industry, transportation, and import and export of goods. Herein, we present the major chemical composition of non-refractory PM2.5 (NR-PM2.5) and the concentrations of gaseous pollutants in an urban site in Shanghai before and during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 epidemic, which was Jan. 8―23 and Jan. 24―Feb. 8, respectively. The observed results show that the reduction in PM2.5 can be mainly attributed to decreasing concentrations of nitrate and primary aerosols. Nitrate accounted for 37% of NR-PM2.5 before the quarantine period when there was no emission reduction. During the quarantine period, the nitrate concentration decreased by approximately 60%, which is attributed to a reduction in the NOx concentration. Ammonium, as the main balancing cation, showed an approximately 45% simultaneous decrease in concentration. The concentrations of chloride and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols from primary emissions also declined due to limited human activities. By contrast, sulphate and oxygenated organic aerosols showed a slight decrease in concentration, with their contributions increasing to 27% and 18%, respectively, during the quarantine period, which resulted in two pollution episodes with PM2.5 exceeding 100 μg/m3. This study provides a better understanding of the impact of quarantine measures on variations of the PM2.5 concentration and chemical compositions. Atmospheric oxidation capacities based on the oxidant (Ox = O3 + NO2) and oxidation ratios have been discussed for elucidating the source and formation of haze in an environment with lower anthropogenic emissions. With increasing contribution of secondary aerosols, lower NOx and nitrate concentrations did not completely avoid haze in Shanghai during the epidemic.
has issue date	2020-07-06(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140758
bibo:pmid	32653718
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	049131284ffbf660358d0f699f6c70dde29b0b35
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140758
resource representing a document's title	Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM2.5 during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7336916
has PubMed identifier	32653718
schema:publication	Sci Total Environ
resource representing a document's body	covid:049131284ffbf660358d0f699f6c70dde29b0b35#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'epidemic' named entity 'Impact' named entity 'Impact' named entity 'quarantine measures' named entity 'chemical compositions' named entity 'Air quality' named entity 'oxidation' named entity 'nitrate' named entity 'PM 2.5' named entity 'summer smog' named entity 'normal life' named entity 'time series' named entity 'fireworks' named entity 'epidemic' named entity 'oxidant' named entity 'Shanghai' named entity 'China' named entity 'China' named entity 'China' named entity 'aerosol' named entity 'PM 2.5' named entity 'sulphate' named entity 'fireworks' named entity 'air quality' named entity 'aerosols' named entity 'quarantine' named entity 'photochemical' named entity 'oxidation' named entity 'sulphate' named entity 'China' named entity 'CNY' named entity 'COVID' named entity 'CNY' named entity 'nitrate' named entity 'COVID' named entity 'EP4' named entity 'COVID' named entity 'EP4' named entity 'nitrate' named entity 'Nitrate' named entity 'anthropogenic emissions' named entity 'nitrate' named entity 'Chloride' named entity 'Shanghai' named entity 'EP4' named entity 'nitrate' named entity 'oxidant' named entity 'nitrate' named entity 'substantially reduced' named entity 'quarantine' named entity 'anthropogenic' named entity 'Shanghai' named entity 'pollution' named entity 'epidemic' named entity 'nitrate' named entity 'pollution' named entity 'COVID-19' named entity 'anthropogenic emissions' named entity 'electricity' named entity 'lockdown' named entity 'Shanghai' named entity 'PM 2.5' named entity 'fireworks' named entity 'quarantine' named entity 'combustion' named entity 'economic development' named entity 'PM 2.5' named entity 'ammonium' named entity 'VOCs' named entity 'emission reduction' named entity 'pollution' named entity 'aerosols' named entity 'PM 2.5' named entity 'PM 2.5' named entity 'photochemical' named entity 'CNY'

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