About: Evolution of the uniquely adaptable lentiviral envelope in a natural reservoir host

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Evolution of the uniquely adaptable lentiviral envelope in a natural reservoir host
Creator	Demma, L Feinberg, M Logsdon, J Staprans, S Vanderford, T
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: The ability of emerging pathogens to infect new species is likely related to the diversity of pathogen variants present in existing reservoirs and their degree of genomic plasticity, which determines their ability to adapt to new environments. Certain simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpz, SIVsm) have demonstrated tremendous success in infecting new species, including humans, resulting in the HIV-1 and HIV-2 epidemics. Although SIV diversification has been studied on a population level, the essential substrates for cross-species transmission, namely SIV sequence diversity and the types and extent of viral diversification present in individual reservoir animals have not been elucidated. To characterize this intra-host SIV diversity, we performed sequence analyses of clonal viral envelope (env) V1V2 and gag p27 variants present in individual SIVsm-infected sooty mangabeys over time. RESULTS: SIVsm demonstrated extensive intra-animal V1V2 length variation and amino acid diversity (le38%), and continual variation in V1V2 N-linked glycosylation consensus sequence frequency and location. Positive selection was the predominant evolutionary force. Temporal sequence shifts suggested continual selection, likely due to evolving antibody responses. In contrast, gag p27 was predominantly under purifying selection. SIVsm V1V2 sequence diversification is at least as great as that in HIV-1 infected humans, indicating that extensive viral diversification in and of itself does not inevitably lead to AIDS. CONCLUSION: Positive diversifying selection in this natural reservoir host is the engine that has driven the evolution of the uniquely adaptable SIV/HIV envelope protein. These studies emphasize the importance of retroviral diversification within individual host reservoir animals as a critical substrate in facilitating cross-species transmission.
has issue date	2006-03-20(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1186/1742-4690-3-19
bibo:pmid	16549011
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	5208ab18e0b8b851eabda0c5c83c1d31156da8e0
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-3-19
resource representing a document's title	Evolution of the uniquely adaptable lentiviral envelope in a natural reservoir host
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC1431560
has PubMed identifier	16549011
schema:publication	Retrovirology
resource representing a document's body	covid:5208ab18e0b8b851eabda0c5c83c1d31156da8e0#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'existing' named entity 'gag' named entity 'viral envelope' named entity 'HIV-2' named entity 'reservoirs' named entity 'lentiviral' named entity 'ABILITY TO' named entity 'ADAPTABLE' named entity 'PATHOGENS' named entity 'PLASTICITY' named entity 'SIV' named entity 'INCLUDING' named entity 'DEGREE' named entity 'PERFORMED' named entity 'THEIR' named entity 'SUCCESS' named entity 'RESERVOIRS' named entity 'HOST' named entity 'ABILITY' named entity 'RESERVOIR' named entity 'LIKELY RELATED' named entity 'TO CHARACTERIZE' named entity 'NEW SPECIES' named entity 'LEVEL' named entity 'CROSS' named entity 'RESULTING IN' named entity 'EXTENT OF' named entity 'POPULATION' named entity 'VIRAL ENVELOPE' named entity 'VIRAL' named entity 'DEMONSTRATED' named entity 'SPECIES' named entity 'ANIMALS' named entity 'HIV-2' named entity 'GAG' named entity 'TRANSMISSION' named entity 'PATHOGEN' named entity 'PRESENT' named entity 'CERTAIN' named entity 'TIME' named entity 'SIMIAN' named entity 'RESERVOIR' named entity 'NATURAL' named entity 'ENVELOPE' named entity 'INFECTED' named entity 'GENOMIC' named entity 'HIV-1' named entity 'ENVIRONMENTS' named entity 'P27' named entity 'ESSENTIAL' named entity 'TO INFECT' named entity 'EPIDEMICS' named entity 'CLONAL' named entity 'TYPES' named entity 'VARIANTS' named entity 'HOST' named entity 'EVOLUTION' named entity 'DIVERSIFICATION' named entity 'ADAPT' named entity 'INFECTING' named entity 'IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES' named entity 'SEQUENCE' named entity 'INTRA' named entity 'DIVERSITY' named entity 'HUMANS' named entity 'HAVE' named entity 'INDIVIDUAL' named entity 'NEW' covid:arg/5208ab18e0b8b851eabda0c5c83c1d31156da8e0 named entity 'sequence' named entity 'cross-species transmission' named entity 'plasticity' named entity 'species' named entity 'reservoir' named entity 'demonstrated' named entity 'humans' named entity 'SIV'

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