About: A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size

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About: A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size
Creator	Gulyaeva, Anastasia Brubacherid, John Gorbalenyaid, Alexander Newmarkid, Phillip Saberiid, Amir
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	RNA viruses are the only known RNA-protein (RNP) entities capable of autonomous replication (albeit within a permissive host environment). A 33.5 kilobase (kb) nidovirus has been considered close to the upper size limit for such entities; conversely, the minimal cellular DNA genome is in the 100–300 kb range. This large difference presents a daunting gap for the transition from primordial RNP to contemporary DNA-RNP-based life. Whether or not RNA viruses represent transitional steps towards DNA-based life, studies of larger RNA viruses advance our understanding of the size constraints on RNP entities and the role of genome size in virus adaptation. For example, emergence of the largest previously known RNA genomes (20–34 kb in positive-stranded nidoviruses, including coronaviruses) is associated with the acquisition of a proofreading exoribonuclease (ExoN) encoded in the open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) in a monophyletic subset of nidoviruses. However, apparent constraints on the size of ORF1b, which encodes this and other key replicative enzymes, have been hypothesized to limit further expansion of these viral RNA genomes. Here, we characterize a novel nidovirus (planarian secretory cell nidovirus; PSCNV) whose disproportionately large ORF1b-like region including unannotated domains, and overall 41.1-kb genome, substantially extend the presumed limits on RNA genome size. This genome encodes a predicted 13,556-aa polyprotein in an unconventional single ORF, yet retains canonical nidoviral genome organization and expression, as well as key replicative domains. These domains may include functionally relevant substitutions rarely or never before observed in highly conserved sites of RdRp, NiRAN, ExoN and 3CLpro. Our evolutionary analysis suggests that PSCNV diverged early from multi-ORF nidoviruses, and acquired additional genes, including those typical of large DNA viruses or hosts, e.g. Ankyrin and Fibronectin type II, which might modulate virus-host interactions. PSCNV's greatly expanded genome, proteomic complexity, and unique features–impressive in themselves–attest to the likelihood of still-larger RNA genomes awaiting discovery.
has issue date	2018-11-01(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1371/journal.ppat.1007314
bibo:pmid	30383829
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	845b2c4662c9d7db919b0f257acecf15d97dfc81
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007314
resource representing a document's title	A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC6211748
has PubMed identifier	30383829
schema:publication	PLoS Pathog
resource representing a document's body	covid:845b2c4662c9d7db919b0f257acecf15d97dfc81#body_text
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