About: Contriving Multi-Epitope Subunit of Vaccine for COVID-19: Immunoinformatics Approaches

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Contriving Multi-Epitope Subunit of Vaccine for COVID-19: Immunoinformatics Approaches
Creator	Chu, Z Dong, R Zha, Yu
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	COVID-19 has recently become the most serious threat to public health, and its prevalence has been increasing at an alarming rate. The incubation period for the virus is ~1–14 days and all age groups may be susceptible to a fatality rate of about 5.9%. COVID-19 is caused by a novel single-stranded, positive (+) sense RNA beta coronavirus. The development of a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is an urgent need worldwide. Immunoinformatics approaches are both cost-effective and convenient, as in silico predictions can reduce the number of experiments needed. In this study, with the aid of immunoinformatics tools, we tried to design a multi-epitope vaccine that can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The epitopes were computed by using B cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and helper T lymphocytes (HTL) base on the proteins of SARS-CoV-2. A vaccine was devised by fusing together the B cell, HTL, and CTL epitopes with linkers. To enhance the immunogenicity, the β-defensin (45 mer) amino acid sequence, and pan-HLA DR binding epitopes (13aa) were adjoined to the N-terminal of the vaccine with the help of the EAAAK linker. To enable the intracellular delivery of the modeled vaccine, a TAT sequence (11aa) was appended to C-terminal. Linkers play vital roles in producing an extended conformation (flexibility), protein folding, and separation of functional domains, and therefore, make the protein structure more stable. The secondary and three-dimensional (3D) structure of the final vaccine was then predicted. Furthermore, the complex between the final vaccine and immune receptors (toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3), major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), and MHC-II) were evaluated by molecular docking. Lastly, to confirm the expression of the designed vaccine, the mRNA of the vaccine was enhanced with the aid of the Java Codon Adaptation Tool, and the secondary structure was generated from Mfold. Then we performed in silico cloning. The final vaccine requires experimental validation to determine its safety and efficacy in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections.
has issue date	2020-07-28(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3389/fimmu.2020.01784
bibo:pmid	32849643
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	b637138d6071532af57aa95649917c76e562dc4a
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01784
resource representing a document's title	Contriving Multi-Epitope Subunit of Vaccine for COVID-19: Immunoinformatics Approaches
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7399176
has PubMed identifier	32849643
schema:publication	Front Immunol
resource representing a document's body	covid:b637138d6071532af57aa95649917c76e562dc4a#body_text
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