About: Protocol for a national probability survey using home specimen collection methods to assess prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody response

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About: Protocol for a national probability survey using home specimen collection methods to assess prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody response Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Protocol for a national probability survey using home specimen collection methods to assess prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody response
Creator	Lopman, Ben Sullivan, Patrick Rothenberg, Richard Kelley, Colleen Sanchez, Travis Affentranger, David Bradley, Heather Evans, Lee Fahimi, Mansour Frankel, Martin Gravens, Laura Jaiswal, Anurag Luisi, Nicole Mullin, Shelby Noe, Stephen Sailey, Charles Siegler, Aaron Thrasher, John Williams, Ryan Zahn, Ryan
source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: The US response to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has been hampered by early and ongoing delays in testing for infection; without data on where infections were occurring and the magnitude of the epidemic, early public health responses were not data-driven. Understanding the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and immune response is critical to developing and implementing an effective public health response. Most serological surveys have been limited to localities that opted to conduct them and/or were based on convenience samples. Moreover, results of antibody testing are subject to high false positive rates due to a presumably low prevalence of seroconversion and imperfect test specificity. METHODS: We will conduct a national serosurvey for SARS-CoV-2 positivity and immune response. A probability sample of US addresses will be mailed invitations and kits for the self-collection of anterior nares swab and finger prick dried blood spot specimens. Within each sampled household, one adult 18 years or older will be randomly selected and asked to complete a questionnaire and to collect and return biological specimens to a central laboratory. Nasal swab specimens will be tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RNA PCR; dried blood spot specimens will be tested for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., immune experience) by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Positive screening tests for antibodies will be confirmed by a second antibody test with different antigenic basis to improve predictive value of positive (PPV) antibody test results. All persons returning specimens in the baseline phase will be enrolled into a follow-up cohort and mailed additional specimen collection kits 3 months after baseline. A subset of 10% of selected households will be invited to participate in full household testing, with tests offered for all household members aged ≥3 years. The main study outcomes will be period prevalence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and immune experience and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody responses. RESULTS: Power calculations indicate that a national sample of 4,000 households will facilitate estimation of national SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody prevalence with acceptably narrow 95% confidence intervals across several possible scenarios of prevalence levels. Oversampling in up to 7 populous states will allow for prevalence estimation among sub-populations. Our 2-stage algorithm for antibody testing produces acceptable PPV at prevalence levels ≥1.0%. Including oversamples in states, we expect to receive data from as many as 9,156 participants in 7,495 US households. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to providing robust estimates of prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune experience, we anticipate this study will establish a replicable methodology for home-based SARS-CoV-2 testing surveys, address concerns about selection bias, and improve positive predictive value of serology results. Prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune experience produced by this study will greatly improve our understanding of the spectrum of COVID-19 disease, its current penetration in various demographic, geographic and occupational groups, and the clinical range of symptoms associated with infection. These data will inform resource needs for control of the ongoing epidemic and facilitate data-driven decisions for epidemic mitigation strategies.
has issue date	2020-08-11(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.07.015
bibo:pmid	32791199
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	dac2cd94c287fa05075f433553ec188e624c5395
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.07.015
resource representing a document's title	Protocol for a national probability survey using home specimen collection methods to assess prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody response
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7417272
has PubMed identifier	32791199
schema:publication	Ann Epidemiol
resource representing a document's body	covid:dac2cd94c287fa05075f433553ec188e624c5395#body_text
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