About: Global Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on the Atmospheric Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Global Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on the Atmospheric Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone
Creator	Oda, Tomohiro Evans, Mat Fakes, Luke Franca, Bruno Hasenkopf, Christa Keller, Christoph Knowland, K Lucchesi, Robert Mandarino, Felipe Modekurty, Sruti Pawson, Steven Ryan, Robert Valeria Díaz Suárez, M
source	ArXiv
abstract	Social-distancing to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread reductions in air pollutant emissions. Quantifying these changes requires a business as usual counterfactual that accounts for the synoptic and seasonal variability of air pollutants. We use a machine learning algorithm driven by information from the NASA GEOS-CF model to assess changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO$_{2}$) and ozone (O$_{3}$) at 5,756 observation sites in 46 countries from January through June 2020. Reductions in NO$_{2}$ correlate with timing and intensity of COVID-19 restrictions, ranging from 60% in severely affected cities (e.g., Wuhan, Milan) to little change (e.g., Rio de Janeiro, Taipei). On average, NO$_{2}$ concentrations were 18% lower than business as usual from February 2020 onward. China experienced the earliest and steepest decline, but concentrations since April have mostly recovered and remained within 5% to the business as usual estimate. NO$_{2}$ reductions in Europe and the US have been more gradual with a halting recovery starting in late March. We estimate that the global NO$_{x}$ (NO+NO$_{2}$) emission reduction during the first 6 months of 2020 amounted to 2.9 TgN, equivalent to 5.1% of the annual anthropogenic total. The response of surface O$_{3}$ is complicated by competing influences of non-linear atmospheric chemistry. While surface O$_{3}$ increased by up to 50% in some locations, we find the overall net impact on daily average O$_{3}$ between February - June 2020 to be small. However, our analysis indicates a flattening of the O$_{3}$ diurnal cycle with an increase in night time ozone due to reduced titration and a decrease in daytime ozone, reflecting a reduction in photochemical production. The O$_{3}$ response is dependent on season, time scale, and environment, with declines in surface O$_{3}$ forecasted if NO$_{x}$ emission reductions continue.
has issue date	2020-08-03(xsd:dateTime)
has license	arxiv
sha1sum (hex)	060f1b7fa8682893ff1e47e17f80231550e974c6
resource representing a document's title	Global Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on the Atmospheric Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone
resource representing a document's body	covid:060f1b7fa8682893ff1e47e17f80231550e974c6#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'LED' named entity 'COMBAT' named entity 'emissions' named entity 'combat' named entity 'air pollutant' named entity 'COVID-19 pandemic' named entity 'Global Impact' named entity 'Atmospheric Concentrations' named entity 'Ozone' named entity 'Asia' named entity 'sunlight' named entity 'anthropogenic emissions' named entity 'Spain' named entity 'titration' named entity 'carbon monoxide' named entity 'United States' named entity 'Budapest' named entity 'combustion' named entity 'NOx' named entity 'planetary boundary layer' named entity 'Africa' named entity 'VOCs' named entity 'NOx emissions' named entity 'Northern Hemisphere' named entity 'quarantine' named entity 'air quality' named entity 'NASA' named entity 'algorithm' named entity 'air quality' named entity 'climate benefits' named entity 'Quito' named entity 'NOx' named entity 'air quality' named entity 'Milan' named entity 'Eastern China' named entity 'atmospheric chemistry' named entity 'meteorology' named entity 'Europe' named entity 'diurnal cycle' named entity 'energy consumption' named entity 'machine learning' named entity 'standard deviations' named entity '2.2' named entity 'machine-learning' named entity 'diurnal' named entity 'Europe' named entity 'air pollution' named entity 'ppbv' named entity 'anthropogenic emissions' named entity 'air quality' named entity 'COVID-19' named entity 'carbon monoxide' named entity 'emission reductions' named entity 'air quality' named entity 'NOx emissions' named entity 'Wuhan' named entity 'Europe' named entity 'air pollution' named entity 'VOCs' named entity 'anthropogenic' named entity 'seasonal cycle' named entity 'China' named entity 'photochemical' named entity 'Quito' named entity 'RAL' named entity 'anthropogenic' named entity 'anthropogenic emissions' named entity 'systematic observation' named entity 'meteorology' named entity 'Medellin' named entity 'XGBoost' named entity 'air pollution' named entity 'meteorology' named entity 'annual emissions' named entity 'Milan'

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