About: Role of the Eye in Transmitting Human Coronavirus: What We Know and What We Do Not Know

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Role of the Eye in Transmitting Human Coronavirus: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
Creator	Liu, Zhe Hernandez-Vargas, Esteban Liu, Geng-Hao Nakayama, Emi Shioda, Tatsuo Sun, Chuan-Bin Wang, Yue-Ye
Source	Medline; PMC; WHO
abstract	The outbreak of the current 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, now named SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a worldwide health threat. Currently, more information is needed so as to further understand the transmission and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection and the infection control procedures required. Recently, the role of the eye in transmitting 2019-nCoV has been intensively discussed. Previous investigations of other highly infectious human CoVs, that is, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), may provide useful information. In this review, we describe the genomics and morphology of human CoVs, the epidemiology, systemic and ophthalmic manifestations, and mechanisms of human CoV infection, and recommendations for infection control procedures. The role of the eye in the transmission of 2019-nCoV is discussed in detail. Although the conjunctiva is directly exposed to extraocular pathogens, and the mucosa of the ocular surface and upper respiratory tract are connected by the nasolacrimal duct and share the same entry receptors for some respiratory viruses, the eye is rarely involved in human CoV infection, conjunctivitis is quite rare in patients with 2019-nCoV infection, and the CoV RNA positive rate by RT-PCR test in tears and conjunctival secretions from patients with 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV infection is also extremely low. This suggests that the eye is neither a preferred organ of human CoV infection nor a preferred gateway of entry for human CoVs for infecting the respiratory tract. However, pathogens that the ocular surface is exposed to might be transported to nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa by constant tear rinsing through the lacrimal duct system and then cause respiratory tract infection. Considering that close doctor-patient contact is quite common in ophthalmic practice and is apt to transmit human CoVs by droplets and fomites, strict hand hygiene and proper personal protection are highly recommended for health care workers to avoid hospital-related viral transmission during ophthalmic practice.
has issue date	2020-04-24(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155
bibo:pmid	32391309
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	12d40547629907f8d399d7381d2ab7027eab8a2a
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155
resource representing a document's title	Role of the Eye in Transmitting Human Coronavirus: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7193031
has PubMed identifier	32391309
schema:publication	Front Public Health
resource representing a document's body	covid:12d40547629907f8d399d7381d2ab7027eab8a2a#body_text
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