About: Fomite-mediated transmission as a sufficient pathway: a comparative analysis across three viral pathogens

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Fomite-mediated transmission as a sufficient pathway: a comparative analysis across three viral pathogens
Creator	Hernandez-Ceron, Nancy Meza, Rafael Eisenberg, Joseph Eisenberg, Marisa Hayashi, Michael Kraay, Alicia Spicknall, Ian
Source	PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: Fomite mediated transmission can be an important pathway causing significant disease transmission in number of settings such as schools, daycare centers, and long-term care facilities. The importance of these pathways relative to other transmission pathways such as direct person-person or airborne will depend on the characteristics of the particular pathogen and the venue in which transmission occurs. Here we analyze fomite mediated transmission through a comparative analysis across multiple pathogens and venues. METHODS: We developed and analyzed a compartmental model that explicitly accounts for fomite transmission by including pathogen transfer between hands and surfaces. We consider two sub-types of fomite-mediated transmission: direct fomite (e.g., shedding onto fomites) and hand-fomite (e.g., shedding onto hands and then contacting fomites). We use this model to examine three pathogens with distinct environmental characteristics (influenza, rhinovirus, and norovirus) in four venue types. To parameterize the model for each pathogen we conducted a thorough literature search. RESULTS: Based on parameter estimates from the literature the reproductive number ([Formula: see text] ) for the fomite route for rhinovirus and norovirus is greater than 1 in nearly all venues considered, suggesting that this route can sustain transmission. For influenza, on the other hand, [Formula: see text] for the fomite route is smaller suggesting many conditions in which the pathway may not sustain transmission. Additionally, the direct fomite route is more relevant than the hand-fomite route for influenza and rhinovirus, compared to norovirus. The relative importance of the hand-fomite vs. direct fomite route for norovirus is strongly dependent on the fraction of pathogens initially shed to hands. Sensitivity analysis stresses the need for accurate measurements of environmental inactivation rates, transfer efficiencies, and pathogen shedding. CONCLUSIONS: Fomite-mediated transmission is an important pathway for the three pathogens examined. The effectiveness of environmental interventions differs significantly both by pathogen and venue. While fomite-based interventions may be able to lower [Formula: see text] for fomites below 1 and interrupt transmission, rhinovirus and norovirus are so infectious ([Formula: see text] ) that single environmental interventions are unlikely to interrupt fomite transmission for these pathogens. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3425-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
has issue date	2018-10-29(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1186/s12879-018-3425-x
bibo:pmid	30373527
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	239f4596308a1247bf27a034c3cab95e0771215f
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3425-x
resource representing a document's title	Fomite-mediated transmission as a sufficient pathway: a comparative analysis across three viral pathogens
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC6206643
has PubMed identifier	30373527
schema:publication	BMC Infect Dis
resource representing a document's body	covid:239f4596308a1247bf27a034c3cab95e0771215f#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'PATHWAY' named entity 'parameterize' named entity 'pathogen' named entity 'developed' named entity 'pathogen' named entity 'norovirus' named entity 'daycare' named entity 'transmission' named entity 'ABLE TO' named entity 'TRANSMISSION' named entity 'RATES' named entity 'RELATIVE TO' named entity 'SMALLER' named entity 'DISTINCT' named entity 'CHARACTERISTICS' named entity 'MULTIPLE' named entity 'SIGNIFICANT' named entity 'FRACTION OF' named entity 'MEASUREMENTS' named entity 'COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS' named entity 'THESE' named entity 'SETTINGS' named entity 'LITERATURE SEARCH' named entity 'COMPARED' named entity 'DAYCARE' named entity 'CENTERS' named entity 'HANDS' named entity 'EFFECTIVENESS' named entity 'TRANSMISSION' named entity 'UNLIKELY' named entity 'SINGLE' named entity 'PARTICULAR' named entity 'INFECTIOUS' named entity 'ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS' named entity 'PATHOGEN' named entity 'NUMBER OF' named entity 'TO EXAMINE' named entity 'CONCLUSIONS' named entity 'INTERVENTIONS' named entity 'PARAMETER' named entity 'MAY BE' named entity 'SUFFICIENT' named entity 'ACROSS' named entity 'FOMITE' named entity 'EFFICIENCIES' named entity 'GREATER THAN' named entity 'NUMBER' named entity 'EXAMINED' named entity 'HAND' named entity 'ROUTE' named entity 'DISEASE TRANSMISSION' named entity 'MEDIATED' named entity 'PERSON' named entity 'TRANSFER' named entity 'USE' named entity 'LITERATURE' named entity 'MEDIATED' named entity 'PATHWAYS' named entity 'COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS' named entity 'SUB-' named entity 'SHEDDING' named entity 'INCLUDING' named entity 'NEARLY' named entity 'HERE' named entity 'REPRODUCTIVE' named entity 'FOMITE' named entity 'MODEL' named entity 'CONTACTING' named entity 'RELEVANT' named entity 'CAUSING' named entity 'RESULTS' named entity 'IMPORTANT' named entity 'INACTIVATION' named entity 'ACROSS' named entity 'FACILITIES'

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