About: Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity

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About: Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity
Creator	Akpovwa, Hephzibah
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	Viruses from the Filoviridae family, as many other virus families, require an acidic pH for successful infection and are therefore susceptible to the actions of 4‐aminoquinolines, such as chloroquine. Although the mechanisms of action of chloroquine clearly indicate that it might inhibit filoviral infections, several clinical trials that attempted to use chloroquine in the treatment of other acute viral infections – including dengue and influenza A and B – caused by low pH‐dependent viruses, have reported that chloroquine had no clinical efficacy, and these results demoted chloroquine from the potential treatments for other virus families requiring low pH for infectivity. The present review is aimed at investigating whether chloroquine could combat the present Ebola virus epidemic, and also at exploring the main reasons for the reported lack of efficacy. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, reference list of articles and textbooks – Fields Virology (Volumes 1and 2), the cytokine handbook, Pharmacology in Medicine: Principles and Practice, and hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinopathy. The present analysis concludes that (1) chloroquine might find a place in the treatment of Ebola, either as a monotherapy or in combination therapies; (2) the ineffectiveness of chloroquine, or its analogue, hydroxychloroquine, at treating infections from low pH‐dependent viruses is a result of the failure to attain and sustain a steady state concentration sufficient to increase and keep the pH of the acidic organelles to approximately neutral levels; (3) to successfully treat filoviral infections – or other viral infections that emerge or emerged from low pH‐dependent viruses – a steady state chloroquine plasma concentration of at least 1 µg/mL(~3.125 μM/L) or a whole blood concentration of 16 μM/L must be achieved and be sustained until the patients' viraemia becomes undetectable. These concentrations, however, do not rule out the efficacy of other, higher, steady state concentrations – although such concentrations might be accompanied by severe adverse effects or toxicities. The feasibility of the conclusion in the preceding texts has recently been supported by a subsequent study that shows that amodiaquine, a derivative of CQ, is able to protect humans infected with Ebola from death.
has issue date	2016-03-21(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1002/cbf.3182
bibo:pmid	27001679
has license	cc-by-nc
sha1sum (hex)	28698e9d58d0b455cfa1adb28be25bc7f9286859
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3182
resource representing a document's title	Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC5071688
has PubMed identifier	27001679
schema:publication	Cell Biochem Funct
resource representing a document's body	covid:28698e9d58d0b455cfa1adb28be25bc7f9286859#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'EMERGE' named entity 'FAMILIES' named entity 'VIRUSES' named entity 'FILOVIRIDAE' named entity 'susceptible' named entity 'infectivity' named entity 'ACIDIC PH' named entity 'INFECTIONS' named entity 'ACTIONS' named entity 'VIRUS' covid:arg/28698e9d58d0b455cfa1adb28be25bc7f9286859 named entity 'AMINOQUINOLINES' named entity 'VIRUSES' named entity 'COULD BE' named entity 'USED' named entity 'INFECTIVITY' named entity 'CHLOROQUINE' named entity 'SUSCEPTIBLE' named entity 'FAMILY' named entity 'CHLOROQUINE' named entity 'ACIDIC PH' named entity 'VIRAL INFECTIONS' named entity 'TREATMENT' named entity 'SUCCESSFUL' named entity 'INFECTION' named entity 'Marburg' named entity 'glycosylation' named entity 'post-translational modification' named entity 'neopterin' named entity 'glycosylated' named entity 'virus' named entity 'SARS coronavirus' named entity 'filoviruses' named entity 'cell death' named entity 'steady state' named entity 'endosomes' named entity 'spleen' named entity 'apoptosis' named entity 'proteolytic processing' named entity 'Borna disease' named entity 'tropism' named entity 'Viruses' named entity 'infection' named entity 'noninfectious' named entity 'HCQ' named entity 'infection' named entity 'organelles' named entity 'adrenal glands' named entity 'plasma' named entity 'trimerized' named entity 'endosomal' named entity 'Filoviridae' named entity 'TNF-α' named entity 'noninfectious' named entity 'umbilical vein' named entity 'TNF-α' named entity 'plasma membrane' named entity 'glycosylation' named entity 'glycosylation' named entity 'nitric oxide' named entity 'infection' named entity 'HCQ' named entity '1, 2' named entity 'HCQ' named entity 'virus' named entity 'IV infusion' named entity 'plasma' named entity 'immunomodulatory' named entity 'chemokines' named entity 'virions' named entity 'multiple organ failure' named entity 'vesicles' named entity 'tumour necrosis factor' named entity 'endosomal' named entity 'autoimmune diseases' named entity 'infection' named entity 'infection' named entity 'chloroquine' named entity 'apoptosis' named entity 'neopterin' named entity 'monocytes'

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