About: Demyelination: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Demyelination: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species
Creator	Smith, Kenneth Smith, K Felts, Paul Kapoor, Raju
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	This review summarises the role that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play in demyelination, such as that occurring in the inflammatory demyelinating disorders multiple sclerosis and Guillain‐Barré syndrome. The concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g. superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite) can increase dramatically under conditions such as inflammation, and this can overwhelm the inherent antioxidant defences within lesions. Such oxidative and/or nitrative stress can damage the lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of cells and mitochondria, potentially causing cell death. Oligodendrocytes are more sensitive to oxidative and nitrative stress in vitro than are astrocytes and microglia, seemingly due to a diminished capacity for antioxidant defence, and the presence of raised risk factors, including a high iron content. Oxidative and nitrative stress might therefore result in vivo in selective oligodendrocyte death, and thereby demyelination. The reactive species may also damage the myelin sheath, promoting its attack by macrophages. Damage can occur directly by lipid peroxidation, and indirectly by the activation of proteases and phospholipase A(2). Evidence for the existence of oxidative and nitrative stress within inflammatory demyelinating lesions includes the presence of both lipid and protein peroxides, and nitrotyrosine (a marker for peroxynitrite formation). The neurological deficit resulting from experimental autoimmune demyelinating disease has generally been reduced
has issue date	2006-04-05(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00212.x
bibo:pmid	9989453
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	29af7ef7c5b8bfed29d7c4f545aa08974b3864f7
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00212.x
resource representing a document's title	Demyelination: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7161906
has PubMed identifier	9989453
schema:publication	Brain Pathol
resource representing a document's body	covid:29af7ef7c5b8bfed29d7c4f545aa08974b3864f7#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'peroxides' named entity 'stress' named entity 'phospholipase' named entity 'proteases' named entity 'microglia' named entity 'Oxygen' named entity 'Stress' named entity 'NITRATIVE STRESS' named entity 'MITOCHONDRIA' named entity 'ROLE' named entity 'PLAY' named entity 'OLIGODENDROCYTES' named entity 'DEMYELINATION' named entity 'REDUCED' named entity 'SPECIES' named entity 'OXYGEN' covid:arg/29af7ef7c5b8bfed29d7c4f545aa08974b3864f7 named entity 'damage' named entity 'reactive oxygen' named entity 'inflammatory' named entity 'experimental' named entity 'neurological deficit' named entity 'antioxidant' named entity 'lipid peroxidation' named entity 'Demyelination' named entity 'Neurological' named entity 'Nitrogen' named entity 'risk factors' named entity 'nitrotyrosine' named entity 'macrophages' named entity 'antioxidant' named entity 'peroxynitrite' named entity 'peroxynitrite' named entity 'nitrogen species' named entity 'peroxides' named entity 'lipids' named entity 'Guillain-Barré syndrome' named entity 'phospholipase' named entity 'nitrative' named entity 'nitrogen species' named entity 'proteases' named entity 'cell death' named entity 'Oxidative Stress' named entity 'Neurological Disease' named entity 'indirectly' named entity 'diminished capacity' named entity 'myelin sheath' named entity 'autoimmune' named entity 'iron' named entity 'reactive oxygen' named entity 'reactive nitrogen species' named entity 'inflammation' named entity 'nitric oxide' named entity 'Nitrogen Species' named entity 'inherent' named entity 'Guillain-Barré syndrome' named entity 'lipid' named entity 'LESIONS' named entity 'NITROGEN' named entity 'CAPACITY' named entity 'MYELIN SHEATH' named entity 'IN VITRO' named entity 'REACTIVE' named entity 'nitrative' named entity 'inflammatory' named entity 'reactive oxygen' named entity 'protein' named entity 'neurological deficit' named entity 'demyelinating lesions' named entity 'demyelination' named entity 'multiple sclerosis' named entity 'nitrative' named entity 'NITROTYROSINE' named entity 'INTENDED' named entity 'SELECTIVE' named entity 'ACTIVATION' named entity 'OXIDATIVE' named entity 'PROTEINS'

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