About: Xenosurveillance: A Novel Mosquito-Based Approach for Examining the Human-Pathogen Landscape

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About: Xenosurveillance: A Novel Mosquito-Based Approach for Examining the Human-Pathogen Landscape Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

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Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Xenosurveillance: A Novel Mosquito-Based Approach for Examining the Human-Pathogen Landscape
Creator	Sharma, Supriya Bolay, Fatorma Brackney, Doug Ebel, Gregory Foy, Brian Grubaugh, Nathan Krajacich, Benjamin Ii, Joe Iii, Lawrence Johnson, W
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: Globally, regions at the highest risk for emerging infectious diseases are often the ones with the fewest resources. As a result, implementing sustainable infectious disease surveillance systems in these regions is challenging. The cost of these programs and difficulties associated with collecting, storing and transporting relevant samples have hindered them in the regions where they are most needed. Therefore, we tested the sensitivity and feasibility of a novel surveillance technique called xenosurveillance. This approach utilizes the host feeding preferences and behaviors of Anopheles gambiae, which are highly anthropophilic and rest indoors after feeding, to sample viruses in human beings. We hypothesized that mosquito bloodmeals could be used to detect vertebrate viral pathogens within realistic field collection timeframes and clinically relevant concentrations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To validate this approach, we examined variables influencing virus detection such as the duration between mosquito blood feeding and mosquito processing, the pathogen nucleic acid stability in the mosquito gut and the pathogen load present in the host’s blood at the time of bloodmeal ingestion using our laboratory model. Our findings revealed that viral nucleic acids, at clinically relevant concentrations, could be detected from engorged mosquitoes for up to 24 hours post feeding by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, we tested this approach in the field by examining blood from engorged mosquitoes from two field sites in Liberia. Using next-generation sequencing and PCR we were able to detect the genetic signatures of multiple viral pathogens including Epstein-Barr virus and canine distemper virus. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of xenosurveillance and in doing so validated a simple and non-invasive surveillance tool that could be used to complement current biosurveillance efforts.
has issue date	2015-03-16(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1371/journal.pntd.0003628
bibo:pmid	25775236
has license	cc0
sha1sum (hex)	364b968c148ee72c7336bf89c06974a646683fd3
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003628
resource representing a document's title	Xenosurveillance: A Novel Mosquito-Based Approach for Examining the Human-Pathogen Landscape
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC4361501
has PubMed identifier	25775236
schema:publication	PLoS Negl Trop Dis
resource representing a document's body	covid:364b968c148ee72c7336bf89c06974a646683fd3#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'sensitivity' named entity 'highly' named entity 'HUMAN' named entity 'APPROACH' named entity 'TECHNIQUE' named entity 'NOVEL' named entity 'TRANSPORTING' named entity 'HIGHEST' named entity 'VERTEBRATE' named entity 'FIELD' named entity 'SYSTEMS' named entity 'TO DETECT' named entity 'COLLECTING' named entity 'MOSQUITO' named entity 'FEASIBILITY' named entity 'SUSTAINABLE' named entity 'GLOBALLY' named entity 'TESTED' named entity 'HOST' named entity 'USED' named entity 'ASSOCIATED WITH' named entity 'CONCENTRATIONS' named entity 'NEEDED' named entity 'PROGRAMS' named entity 'VIRUSES' named entity 'INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE' named entity 'STORING' named entity 'DIFFICULTIES' named entity 'HIGHLY' named entity 'RISK' named entity 'THESE' named entity 'RELEVANT' named entity 'NOVEL' named entity 'PREFERENCES' named entity 'EXAMINING' named entity 'MOSQUITO' named entity 'PATHOGEN' named entity 'LANDSCAPE' named entity 'BASED' named entity 'VIRAL PATHOGENS' named entity 'HAVE' named entity 'RESULT' named entity 'WHERE' named entity 'TO SAMPLE' named entity 'SENSITIVITY' named entity 'HUMAN' named entity 'REGIONS' named entity 'SURVEILLANCE' named entity 'APPROACH' named entity 'COLLECTION' named entity 'COULD BE' named entity 'AFTER FEEDING' named entity 'BEHAVIORS' named entity 'SAMPLES' named entity 'ANOPHELES GAMBIAE' named entity 'EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES' named entity 'FEEDING' named entity 'RESOURCES' named entity 'REST' named entity 'COST' named entity 'called' named entity 'transporting' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'programs' named entity 'Novel' named entity 'mosquito' named entity 'vertebrate' named entity 'RNA' named entity 'Togaviridae' named entity 'hamster' named entity 'CDV' named entity 'WNV'

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