About: Descriptive epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in Minnesota dairy heifer calves

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Descriptive epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in Minnesota dairy heifer calves
Creator	Ames, T Marsh, W Sivula, N Werdin, R
Source	Elsevier; PMC
abstract	Abstract A prospective study was carried out on 845 heifer calves born during 1991 on 30 Holstein dairy farms in southeast Minnesota. The objectives of the study were to describe the epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves from birth to 16 weeks of age (with an emphasis on respiratory disease), to examine individual calf and herd management practices as risk factors for calf morbidity and mortality, and to validate producer diagnosis of mortality. Incidence rates for all morbidity, enteritis, and pneumonia were 0.20, 0.15, and 0.10 cases per 100 calf-days at risk for the period of the study. Risk of enteritis was highest in the first 3 weeks of life, with pneumonia risk highest at 10 weeks of age. Case fatality rates averaged 11.8%, 17.9%, and 9.4% for all diagnoses, enteritis, and pneumonia, respectively. Average daily rates of gain from birth to 16 weeks of age differed between farms that had inadequate calf housing (0.8 kg day−1) versus those with adequate calf housing (1.0 kg day−1). Approximately half of the calves in the cohort (418) had blood samples taken monthly from birth until 16 weeks of age. Of the calves sampled, only 19 calves showed a four-fold rise in serum titers to respiratory viruses. Sixteen calves seroconverted to BVDV, two calves to IBRV, and one calf to PI3 virus. Of 98 calves less than 10 days of age tested for adequacy of passive transfer, 35 (35.7%) had serum immunoglobulin levels of less than 800 mg dl−1. There were no significant differences in mortality or morbidity between calves that had adequate passive transfer and those that did not. The incidence of mortality was 0.08 deaths per 100 calf-days at risk; 64 calves died during the 16 months of the study. The risk of death was highest at 2 weeks of age. Enteritis was the most common cause of death (28 deaths, 44% of all deaths) followed by pneumonia (19 deaths, 30% of all deaths). Comparing producer diagnosis of mortality with necropsy results yielded sensitivities of 58.3% and 56% and specificities of 93% and 100% for producer diagnoses of enteritis and pneumonia, respectively. The kappa statistic comparing producer diagnosis with necropsy result was 0.47. The most common pathogens isolated from calves that died of enteritis were rotavirus (five calves), and Escherichia coli (four calves). Pathogens isolated from pneumonic lungs included Pasteurella multocida (three calves), Haemophilus somnus (three calves), and Pasteurella haemolytica (one calf).
has issue date	1996-07-31(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/0167-5877(95)01000-9
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	3fe88e9ea8bfa878b5783031c867f3b77a863224
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877%2895%2901000-9
resource representing a document's title	Descriptive epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in Minnesota dairy heifer calves
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7134008
schema:publication	Preventive Veterinary Medicine
resource representing a document's body	covid:3fe88e9ea8bfa878b5783031c867f3b77a863224#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY' named entity 'immunoglobulin' named entity 'Elsevier Science' named entity 'heifer' named entity 'pneumonia' named entity 'PI3' named entity 'risk' named entity 'Enteritis' named entity 'born' named entity 'Corresponding' named entity 'individual' named entity 'weeks' named entity 'weeks' named entity 'TRANSFER' named entity 'RESPIRATORY VIRUSES' named entity 'VIRUS' named entity 'INADEQUATE ' named entity 'BORN' named entity 'SAINT PAUL' named entity 'AGE' named entity 'COMMON' named entity 'BVDV' covid:arg/3fe88e9ea8bfa878b5783031c867f3b77a863224 named entity 'PERIOD' named entity '0.08' named entity '3 WEEKS' named entity 'HEIFER' named entity 'PI3' named entity 'LESS THAN' named entity 'DAIRY' named entity 'MINNESOTA' named entity '156' named entity 'VETERINARY HOSPITAL' named entity 'ADEQUACY' named entity 'MANAGEMENT PRACTICES' named entity '800' named entity 'DEATHS' named entity 'DID' named entity 'EPIDEMIOLOGY' named entity 'IOF' named entity '30%' named entity 'SIGNIFICANT' named entity 'DAY' named entity 'LIFE' named entity 'HERD' named entity '2 WEEKS' named entity '28418' named entity 'DIAGNOSES' named entity 'RISK' named entity 'DAIRY HEIFER' named entity 'TO EXAMINE' named entity 'HIGHEST' named entity 'DIED' named entity 'BLOOD SAMPLES TAKEN' named entity 'MG DL' named entity 'SOUTHEAST' named entity 'RATES' named entity 'MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY' named entity 'MINNESOTA' named entity 'DEATH' named entity 'PRODUCER' named entity 'CASES' named entity 'TEL' named entity 'FARMS' named entity 'MONTHS' named entity 'STUDY' named entity 'SCIENCE' named entity 'COHORT' named entity '16 WEEKS' named entity 'PNEUMONIA' named entity '9.4' named entity 'IMMUNOGLOBULIN LEVELS' named entity 'SIXTEEN' named entity 'SERUM' named entity 'NECROPSY' named entity 'TESTED FOR' named entity 'TO DESCRIBE' named entity 'APPROXIMATELY' named entity 'DAYS' named entity 'AVERAGE'

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