About: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19: results from UK Biobank

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Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19: results from UK Biobank
Creator	Katikireddi, Vittal Gill, Jason Ho, Frederick Berry, Colin Celis-Morales, Carlos Ferguson, Lyn Gray, Stuart Hastie, Claire Lyall, Donald Mackay, Daniel Niedzwiedz, Claire Pell, Jill Sattar, Naveed Welsh, Paul
Source	MedRxiv
abstract	Background Information on risk factors for COVID-19 is sub-optimal. We investigated demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and clinical risk factors, and compared them to risk factors for pneumonia and influenza in UK Biobank. Methods UK Biobank recruited 37-70 year olds in 2006-2010 from the general population. The outcome of confirmed COVID-19 infection (positive SARS-CoV-2 test) was linked to baseline UK Biobank data. Incident influenza and pneumonia were obtained from primary care data. Poisson regression was used to study the association of exposure variables with outcomes. Findings Among 428,225 participants, 340 had confirmed COVID-19. After multivariable adjustment, modifiable risk factors were higher body mass index (RR 1.24 per SD increase), smoking (RR 1.38), slow walking pace as a proxy for physical fitness (RR 1.66) and use of blood pressure medications as a proxy for hypertension (RR 1.40). Non-modifiable risk factors included older age (RR 1.10 per 5 years), male sex (RR 1.64), black ethnicity (RR 1.86), socioeconomic deprivation (RR 1.26 per SD increase in Townsend Index), longstanding illness (RR 1.38) and high cystatin C (RR 1.24 per 1 SD increase). The risk factors overlapped with pneumonia somewhat; less so for influenza. The associations with modifiable risk factors were generally stronger for COVID-19, than pneumonia or influenza. Interpretation These findings suggest that modification of lifestyle may help to reduce the risk of COVID-19 and could be a useful adjunct to other interventions, such as social distancing and shielding of high risk. Funding British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, Chief Scientist Office.
has issue date	2020-05-02(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1101/2020.04.28.20083295
has license	medrxiv
sha1sum (hex)	5d7b3ffc9fa6589bd4d38cc3bf12685171ffd62c
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20083295
resource representing a document's title	Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19: results from UK Biobank
resource representing a document's body	covid:5d7b3ffc9fa6589bd4d38cc3bf12685171ffd62c#body_text
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