About: How does breathing frequency affect the performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator and a surgical mask against surrogates of viral particles?

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About: How does breathing frequency affect the performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator and a surgical mask against surrogates of viral particles? Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	How does breathing frequency affect the performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator and a surgical mask against surrogates of viral particles?
Creator	He, Xinjian Reponen, Tiina Grinshpun, Sergey Mckay, Roy
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: Breathing frequency (breaths/min) differs among individuals and levels of physical activity. Particles enter respirators through two principle penetration pathways: faceseal leakage and filter penetration. However, it is unknown how breathing frequency affects the overall performance of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and surgical masks (SMs) against viral particles, as well as other health-relevant submicrometer particles. METHODS: A FFR and SM were tested on a breathing manikin at four mean inspiratory flows (MIFs) (15, 30, 55 and 85 L/min) and five breathing frequencies (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 breaths/min). Filter penetration (P(filter)) and total inward leakage (TIL) were determined for the tested respiratory protection devices against sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol particles in the size range of 20 to 500 nm. “Faceseal leakage-to-filter” (FLTF) penetration ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Both MIF and breathing frequency showed significant effects (p<0.05) on P(filter) and TIL. Increasing breathing frequency increased TIL for the N95 FFR whereas no clear trends were observed for the SM. Increasing MIF increased P(filter) and decreased TIL resulting in decreasing FLTF ratio. Most of FLTF ratios were >1, suggesting that the faceseal leakage was the primary particle penetration pathway at various breathing frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: Breathing frequency is another factor (besides MIF) that can significantly affect the performance of N95 FFRs, with higher breathing frequencies increasing TIL. No consistent trend of increase or decrease of TIL with either MIF or breathing frequency was observed for the tested SM. To potentially extend these findings beyond the manikin/breathing system used, future studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism causing the breathing frequency effect on the performance of respiratory protection devices on human subjects.
has issue date	2014-01-17(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1080/15459624.2013.848037
bibo:pmid	24521067
has license	green-oa
sha1sum (hex)	6137baa6da1c34a8cf59be36b52928a1930ef1f0
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2013.848037
resource representing a document's title	How does breathing frequency affect the performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator and a surgical mask against surrogates of viral particles?
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC6768065
has PubMed identifier	24521067
schema:publication	Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
resource representing a document's body	covid:6137baa6da1c34a8cf59be36b52928a1930ef1f0#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'particles' named entity 'Filter' named entity 'breathing' named entity 'breathing' named entity 'filter' named entity 'particles' named entity 'ratio' named entity 'SM.' named entity 'particles' named entity 'flows' named entity 'breathing frequency' named entity 'min' named entity 'primary' named entity 'frequencies' named entity 'manikin' named entity 'min' named entity 'Breathing' named entity 'surgical masks' named entity 'N95' named entity 'SMs' named entity 'sodium chloride' named entity 'Surrogates' named entity 'Surgical Mask' named entity 'calculated' named entity 'Two-way Analysis of Variance' named entity 'Two-way ANOVA' named entity 'NaCl' named entity 'H5N1' named entity 'FDA' named entity 'respiratory tract' named entity 'SMs' named entity 'absolute majority' named entity 'virions' named entity 'ANOVA' named entity 'NIOSH' named entity 'FFRs' named entity 'small particles' named entity 'infectious diseases' named entity 'NaCl' named entity 'airborne particles' named entity '4 nm' named entity 'polypropylene' named entity 'SMs' named entity 'viral particles' named entity 'SMs' named entity 'SMs' named entity 'influenza pandemic' named entity 'Institute of Medicine' named entity 'NaCl' named entity 'NaCl' named entity 'N95' named entity 'aerosols' named entity 'physiological' named entity 'U.S. Code of Federal Regulations' named entity 'respirator' named entity 'filter media' named entity 'human subjects' named entity 'University of Cincinnati' named entity 'Tokyo' named entity 'SMs' named entity 'ANOVA' named entity 'plastic' named entity 'electrically charged' named entity 'SARS' named entity 'causative agent' named entity 'physiological' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'avian influenza virus' named entity 'condensation particle counter' named entity 'FFRs' named entity 'aerosol particles' named entity 'multiple comparison' named entity 'nanoparticles' named entity 'residence time' named entity 'multiple comparisons' named entity 'U.S. Food and Drug Administration' named entity 'Nanoparticle' named entity 'virus'

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