About: Techniques actuelles de diagnostic des infections virales respiratoires en réanimation

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Techniques actuelles de diagnostic des infections virales respiratoires en réanimation
Creator	Freymuth, F Gouarin, S Petitjean, J Vabret, A Charbonneau, P Daubin, C Dina, J
source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Résumé Plusieurs centaines de virus respiratoires différents peuvent être détectés chez les patients atteints d'une infection virale respiratoire et hospitalisés dans un service de réanimation: virus influenza, virus respiratoire syncytial, virus para-influenza, adénovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, entérovirus, métapneumovirus humain, bocavirus… La recherche de ces virus doit être effectuée sur un prélèvement nasal ou trachéobronchique, riche en cellules épithéliales. Chez les patients immunodéprimés, il faut ajouter un lavage bronchoalvéolaire pour rechercher le cytomégalovirus et les adénovirus. La mise en évidence d'antigènes viraux par immunofluorescence (IF) ou technique immunoenzymatique dans les cellules infectées est en théorie la méthode la plus simple et rapide à utiliser. Comme pour toutes les techniques de diagnostic, la qualité du prélèvement est un déterminant majeur de son efficacité. Cette méthode est malheureusement peu sensible dans les infections respiratoires chez l'adulte. La recherche virale en culture, compliquée et de réponse tardive, peut être utile dans ce cas en raison de son efficacité. Les méthodes PCR sont plus efficaces: elles peuvent identifier les virus non détectés par les techniques conventionnelles et elles augmentent l'isolement des virus classiques. Elles permettent aussi d'identifier les sous-types viraux, d'étudier par séquençage la variabilité génétique des souches et de quantifier la charge virale respiratoire. Les techniques multiplex recherchant plusieurs virus directement dans les prélèvements sont les plus adaptées au diagnostic en raison du nombre de virus à rechercher. Des méthodes PCR en temps réel, fournissant un résultat rapide, ont été récemment développées. La richesse en cellules et le transport du prélèvement sont moins critiques pour les recherches virales en PCR que pour les techniques conventionnelles d'IF et de culture. De plus, les acides nucléiques persistent plus longtemps que les virus infectieux, permettant ainsi un diagnostic plus tardif. Néanmoins, dans un laboratoire de virologie clinique où la rapidité, le coût modéré et la simplicité des techniques sont des exigences prioritaires, le meilleur choix est d'utiliser séquentiellement l'IF et les PCR multiplex. Le développement des outils de PCR multiplex en temps réel est la priorité majeure du futur. Abstract Hundred viruses can be isolated in patients suffering from respiratory virus infections and hospitalised in intensive care unit (ICU): influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus… Nasal or tracheobronchial specimens, which contain many epithelial cells will be used to isolate these common viruses. In immunocompromised patients a bronchoalveolar lavage has to be added to these specimens in order to detect cytomegalovirus and some adenovirus. The immunofluorescence or immunoenzymatic assays, which detect viral antigens in the infected cells are the easiest and fastest diagnostic methods, theoretically. As with other techniques, specimen quality is a major determinant of their performance. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of the antigen detection assays is low in respiratory infections in adults. Then the virus recovery by cell culture, which is usually more sensitive than the antigen detection assays, can be helpful. Many studies have reported more respiratory virus detections using nucleic acid testing such as PCR. They detect viruses, which are missed by conventional methods and increase the detection of common respiratory virus. Multiplex PCR assays have been developed, and these can simultaneously detect several viruses directly in clinical specimens. Nucleic acid testing can subtype viruses using subtype-specific primers, and analyse strain variation through genetic. It can be used also to quantify the viral load in clinical specimens. More recently real-time RT-PCR assays have been developed to get more rapidly the results of the nucleic acids assays. Specimen quality, timing and transportation conditions may be less critical for nucleic acid testing than for culture or antigen detection, as viable virus and intact infected cells need not to be preserved. Moreover, viral nucleic acids are detectable for several days longer into the clinical course than is cultivable virus, potentially allowing a diagnosis to be made in late-presenting patients. However, in a clinical virology laboratory, where the speed, low cost, and high sensitivity of the methods are required, the sequential use of antigen detection tests and multiplex PCR could be the best choice, particularly in the clinical setting of respiratory virus infections in adults hospitalised in ICU. In the future, the development of real-time multiplex PCR is likely to be top-priority.
has issue date	2007-06-30(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/j.reaurg.2007.02.018
bibo:pmid	32362806
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	6395ff0ce502ecf1c36e374d37f9d4a1b32fda45
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reaurg.2007.02.018
resource representing a document's title	Techniques actuelles de diagnostic des infections virales respiratoires en réanimation
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7185663
has PubMed identifier	32362806
schema:publication	Réanimation
resource representing a document's body	covid:6395ff0ce502ecf1c36e374d37f9d4a1b32fda45#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'INTENSIVE CARE UNITS' named entity 'suffering' named entity 'antigen' named entity 'parainfluenza virus' named entity 'infections' named entity 'clinical virology' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'culture' named entity 'adenovirus' named entity 'future' named entity 'variation' named entity 'assays' named entity 'cells' named entity 'specimens' named entity 'specimens' named entity 'TECHNIQUES' named entity 'CLINICAL COURSE' named entity 'RAPIDLY' named entity 'STRAIN' named entity 'LOW' named entity 'METHODS' named entity 'MAY BE' named entity 'VIABLE' named entity 'TO DETECT' named entity 'EPITHELIAL CELLS' named entity 'ENTEROVIRUS' named entity 'WHERE' named entity 'RESPIRATORY VIRUS' named entity 'SAS' named entity 'CRITICAL' named entity 'CONVENTIONAL' named entity 'RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS' named entity 'DIRECTLY' named entity 'VIRAL LOAD' named entity 'VIRUS' named entity 'ADULTS' named entity 'PRIMERS' named entity 'ADDED' named entity 'VARIATION' named entity 'CONTAIN' named entity 'CYTOMEGALOVIRUS' named entity 'BOCAVIRUS' named entity '80%' named entity 'VIRAL ANTIGENS' named entity 'DIAGNOSTIC' named entity 'QUALITY' named entity 'ISOLATED' named entity 'USED' named entity 'DIAGNOSIS' named entity 'PRESENTING' named entity 'VIRAL' named entity 'STUDIES' named entity 'HIGH SENSITIVITY' named entity 'TRANSPORTATION' named entity 'DEVELOPMENT' named entity 'SPECIMENS' named entity 'INCREASE' named entity 'PRIORITY' named entity 'DETECTABLE' named entity 'HAVE' named entity 'TRACHEOBRONCHIAL' named entity 'CURRENT' named entity 'ISOLATE' named entity 'INTENSIVE CARE UNIT' named entity 'HELPFUL' named entity 'SOCI' named entity 'SUBTYPE' named entity 'SEVERAL DAYS' named entity 'MISSED' named entity 'ADENOVIRUS' named entity 'PAR' named entity 'CONDITIONS' named entity 'CULTURE' named entity 'FUTURE' named entity 'MASSON'

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