About: Chapter 13 Recent Advances and Future Needs in Environmental Virology

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Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Chapter 13 Recent Advances and Future Needs in Environmental Virology
Creator	Bosch, Albert Xagoraraki, Irene Rose, Joan Wong, Mark
Source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Publisher Summary The detection of viruses in water and other environmental samples constitutes special challenges. The standard method of detection of viral pathogens in environmental samples uses assays in mammalian cell culture. The infected cell cultures undergo observable morphological changes called cytopathogenic effects (CPEs) that are used for the detection of viruses. Even though many viruses are culturable in several cell lines and are thus detectable by the development of CPEs in cell culture, there are several viruses, like enteric waterborne adenoviruses types 40 and 41, which are difficult to culture and do not produce clear and consistent CPE. Other viruses, like waterborne caliciviruses, have not yet been successfully grown in cell cultures. Conventional cell culture assays for the detection of viruses in environmental samples have limited sensitivity and can be labor-intensive and timeconsuming. Two advances, the PCR and microarrays, have spurred the study of viruses and should be further applied to the field of environmental virology. The ability of both DNA viruses and RNA viruses to rapidly evolve means new and emerging viral pathogens will need to be addressed. Pathogen discovery and characterization, occurrence in the environment, exposure pathways, and health outcomes via environmental exposure need to be addressed. This will likely follow a new microbial risk framework that will require focused research on some important properties of viral disease transmission. The future will require models that examine community risks and provide explicit links between the models currently under development for environmental exposure and infectious disease.
has issue date	2007-12-31(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/s0168-7069(07)17013-0
bibo:pmid	32287593
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	639f9cae6d8ea551f724539159eda492da16467c
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-7069%2807%2917013-0
resource representing a document's title	Chapter 13 Recent Advances and Future Needs in Environmental Virology
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7114941
has PubMed identifier	32287593
schema:publication	Perspectives in Medical Virology
resource representing a document's body	covid:639f9cae6d8ea551f724539159eda492da16467c#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'FUTURE' named entity 'ENVIRONMENTAL' named entity 'VIRUSES' named entity 'VIROLOGY' named entity 'NEEDS' named entity 'HUMAN' named entity 'WATER' named entity 'RECENT' named entity 'nucleic acid' named entity 'wastewater treatment' named entity 'enteroviruses' named entity 'DNA microarrays' named entity 'adenoviruses' named entity 'water crisis' named entity '1985a' named entity 'health outcomes' named entity 'adenovirus' named entity 'nucleic acid' named entity 'molecular techniques' named entity 'pathogen' named entity 'Georgia' named entity 'mRNA' named entity 'multiplex PCR' named entity 'mRNA' named entity 'target specific' named entity 'cell culture' named entity 'PCR' named entity 'serotypes' named entity 'gastroenteritis' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'Escherichia coli' named entity 'Waterborne' named entity 'chemical reaction' named entity 'RNA viruses' named entity 'pathogen' named entity 'United Nations' named entity 'quality assurance' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'WHO' named entity 'PCR primers' named entity 'University of Michigan' named entity 'qPCR' named entity 'adenoviruses' named entity 'scientific issues' named entity 'microbiology' named entity 'DNA extraction' named entity 'wastewater treatment plants' named entity 'gene sequences' named entity 'FAO' named entity 'virus' named entity 'real-time PCR' named entity 'sewage' named entity 'nano particles' named entity 'primers' named entity 'virus' named entity 'viral diseases' named entity 'exact sequence' named entity 'drinking water' named entity 'cDNA' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'caliciviruses' named entity 'Kanpur' named entity 'mRNA' named entity 'poliovirus' named entity 'gene expression' named entity 'serotypes' named entity 'hepatitis' named entity 'DNA extraction' named entity 'immunological' named entity 'tap water' named entity 'RNA' named entity 'molecular techniques' named entity 'CPEs' named entity 'sewage' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'PCR' named entity 'UNESCO' named entity 'DNA viruses'

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