About: Primordial and Primary Levels of Biothreat and Bioterrorism Prevention

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Primordial and Primary Levels of Biothreat and Bioterrorism Prevention
Creator	Radosavljevic, Vladan Radosavljevic, V
Source	PMC
abstract	There is still an abundance of preventive and solving measures against biological attacks that makes confusion and dezorientation among experts and health policy-makers. Our pyramidal model of adversaries, and spherical system of prevention help us to solve this problem. They make clearly to us, which measures should be applied at any of four levels of prevention without robust spending. Primordial level of prevention should be focused to stop entering perpetrator/source of infection/reservoir of pathogen and biological agent/pathogen on defended territory. This is the first line of biodefense, deeply and multiply linked with the strategies of intelligence and deterrence. The primary prevention of biological attack is focused on monitoring and surveillance of potential internal sources of biological agents and bioterrorists. We elaborate three types of surveillance: clinical (syndromic), laboratory and environmental. Both levels of prevention were detailed analyzed, according to the next issues: Perpetrator/source of infection/reservoir of pathogen (Sophistication, Motivation, Intention, Intelligence, Secrecy, Number of perpetrators, Number of sources of infection/reservoirs, Accessibility to sources of agent/pathogen, Accessibility to targets/population at risk), Biological agent/pathogen (A category, B category, C category, Emerging pathogens, Amount of the available agent/pathogen), Means/media of delivery/factors of transmission (Air, Water, Food, Fomites, Vectors, Biological ammunition, Delivery systems, Dispersion systems mechanism of release), Target/susceptible population at risk (Intelligence, Secrecy, Personal control, Control of means/media of delivery/factors of transmission, Physical protection, Protection by chemoprophylaxis, Protection by immunoprophilaxis, Number of people in a target/population at risk, Importance of target/population at risk, Location of target/population, Distribution of people in a target/population at risk), and for each issue a whole spectrum of cheap, simple and effective preventive measures were proposed.
has issue date	2018-03-23(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1007/978-94-024-1263-5_7
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	732b9c22d07723d47723f97e1882b12a7075f628
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1263-5_7
resource representing a document's title	Primordial and Primary Levels of Biothreat and Bioterrorism Prevention
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7121140
schema:publication	Defence Against Bioterrorism
resource representing a document's body	covid:732b9c22d07723d47723f97e1882b12a7075f628#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'PREVENTION' named entity 'preventive' named entity 'Our' named entity 'ABUNDANCE' named entity 'BIOLOGICAL' named entity 'OUR' named entity 'CONFUSION' named entity 'APPLIED' named entity 'MAKERS' named entity 'MEASURES' named entity 'LEVELS' named entity 'ROBUST' named entity 'HELP' named entity 'PREVENTION' named entity 'LEVELS' named entity 'SYSTEM' named entity 'BIOTERRORISM' named entity 'PREVENTIVE' named entity 'SPHERICAL' named entity 'SPENDING' named entity 'ATTACKS' named entity 'PYRAMIDAL' named entity 'HEALTH POLICY' named entity 'PROBLEM' named entity 'MAKE' named entity 'PRIMARY' named entity 'MODEL OF' named entity 'confusion' named entity 'experts' named entity 'system' named entity 'solving' named entity 'measures' named entity 'Bioterrorism' named entity 'waterborne pathogens' named entity 'infection' named entity 'air conditioning' named entity 'Biological attacks' named entity 'infection' named entity 'sensitivity and specificity' named entity 'emerging pathogens' named entity 'Congressional Office of Technology Assessment' named entity 'modes of transmission' named entity 'Delivery systems' named entity 'Emerging pathogens' named entity 'infection' named entity 'emerging pathogens' named entity 'endemic areas' named entity 'Western' named entity 'preventive measures' named entity 'air conditioning' named entity 'Vectors' named entity 'BSL' named entity 'influenza virus' named entity 'production industries' named entity 'air traffic control' named entity 'biological agents' named entity 'epidemics of infectious disease' named entity 'follow-up' named entity 'biosafety level' named entity 'dangerous pathogens' named entity 'BSL 3' named entity 'protective suit' named entity 'terrorist' named entity 'fomites' named entity 'viruses' named entity 'haemorrhagic' named entity 'viral hemorrhagic fevers' named entity 'pathogens' named entity 'Europe' named entity 'epidemic' named entity 'emerging pathogens' named entity 'bioweapon' named entity 'biological attack' named entity 'immunization' named entity 'endemic' named entity 'food supply' named entity 'dual-use research' named entity 'infection' named entity 'air traffic control' named entity 'primary prevention' named entity 'Vectors' named entity 'bioterrorist'

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