About: The Heritage of Pathogen Pressures and Ancient Demography in the Human Innate-Immunity CD209/CD209L Region

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	The Heritage of Pathogen Pressures and Ancient Demography in the Human Innate-Immunity CD209/CD209L Region
Creator	Gicquel, Brigitte Neyrolles, Olivier Quintana-Murci, Lluís Patin, Etienne Barreiro, Luis Cann, Howard
topic	covid:7fa6a89af06e588d737c868cdcebceaee14d7532#this
Source	Elsevier
abstract	The innate immunity system constitutes the first line of host defense against pathogens. Two closely related innate immunity genes, CD209 and CD209L, are particularly interesting because they directly recognize a plethora of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Both genes, which result from an ancient duplication, possess a neck region, made up of seven repeats of 23 amino acids each, known to play a major role in the pathogen-binding properties of these proteins. To explore the extent to which pathogens have exerted selective pressures on these innate immunity genes, we resequenced them in a group of samples from sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and East Asia. Moreover, variation in the number of repeats of the neck region was defined in the entire Human Genome Diversity Panel for both genes. Our results, which are based on diversity levels, neutrality tests, population genetic distances, and neck-region length variation, provide genetic evidence that CD209 has been under a strong selective constraint that prevents accumulation of any amino acid changes, whereas CD209L variability has most likely been shaped by the action of balancing selection in non-African populations. In addition, our data point to the neck region as the functional target of such selective pressures: CD209 presents a constant size in the neck region populationwide, whereas CD209L presents an excess of length variation, particularly in non-African populations. An additional interesting observation came from the coalescent-based CD209 gene tree, whose binary topology and time depth (∼2.8 million years ago) are compatible with an ancestral population structure in Africa. Altogether, our study has revealed that even a short segment of the human genome can uncover an extraordinarily complex evolutionary history, including different pathogen pressures on host genes as well as traces of admixture among archaic hominid populations.
has issue date	2005-11-30(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1086/497613
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	7fa6a89af06e588d737c868cdcebceaee14d7532
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1086/497613
resource representing a document's title	The Heritage of Pathogen Pressures and Ancient Demography in the Human Innate-Immunity CD209/CD209L Region
schema:publication	The American Journal of Human Genetics
resource representing a document's body	covid:7fa6a89af06e588d737c868cdcebceaee14d7532#body_text
is http://vocab.deri.ie/void#inDataset of	https://covidontheweb.inria.fr:4443/about/id/http/ns.inria.fr/covid19/7fa6a89af06e588d737c868cdcebceaee14d7532
is schema:about of	named entity 'DEPTH' named entity 'ROLE' named entity 'HOST' named entity 'LEVELS' named entity 'REGION' named entity 'INTERESTING' named entity 'BALANCING' named entity 'PREVENTS' named entity 'MILLION' named entity 'AGO' named entity 'CONSTRAINT' named entity 'SYSTEM' named entity 'VARIATION' named entity 'DIRECTLY' named entity 'AMINO ACIDS' named entity 'REVEALED' named entity 'PARASITES.' named entity 'HOST DEFENSE' named entity 'PLETHORA' named entity 'SIZE' named entity 'ACCUMULATION' named entity 'CAME' named entity 'PRESENTS' named entity 'EUROPE' named entity 'A GROUP' named entity 'KNOWN' named entity 'COALESCENT' named entity 'DIFFERENT' named entity 'YEARS' named entity 'SEVEN' named entity 'BACTERIA' named entity 'DISTANCES' named entity 'LINE' named entity 'PLAY' named entity 'TOPOLOGY' named entity 'THESE' named entity 'INNATE IMMUNITY' named entity 'EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY' named entity 'short' named entity 'length' named entity 'provide' named entity 'revealed' named entity 'population genetic' named entity 'pressures' named entity 'levels' named entity 'immunity' named entity 'Pathogen' named entity 'CD209' covid:arg/7fa6a89af06e588d737c868cdcebceaee14d7532 named entity 'ADDITIONAL' named entity 'DUPLICATION' named entity 'AFRICA' named entity 'NEUTRALITY' named entity 'CONSTANT' named entity 'NECK' named entity 'NECK REGION' named entity 'LENGTH' named entity 'EVIDENCE' named entity 'IMMUNITY' named entity 'ANCIENT' named entity 'PRESSURES' named entity 'DEMOGRAPHY' named entity 'GENE TREE' named entity 'PROVIDE' named entity 'SHAPED' named entity 'RESULTS' named entity 'PRESSURES' named entity 'SHORT' named entity 'CD209L' named entity 'COMPATIBLE WITH' named entity 'STRONG' named entity 'RECOGNIZE' named entity 'TESTS' named entity 'SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA' named entity 'SELECTIVE' named entity 'EXCESS' named entity 'ADMIXTURE'

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