About: Viral Impact in Autoimmune Diseases: Expanding the “X Chromosome

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About: Viral Impact in Autoimmune Diseases: Expanding the “X Chromosome–Nucleolus Nexus” Hypothesis Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Viral Impact in Autoimmune Diseases: Expanding the “X Chromosome–Nucleolus Nexus” Hypothesis
Creator	Antonio, Juarez Quaresma, Simões Brooks, Wesley Gallo, Jean-Marc Matesic, Lydia
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	Viruses are suspected of significant roles in autoimmune diseases but the mechanisms are unclear. We get some insight by considering demands a virus places on host cells. Viruses not only require production of their own proteins, RNA and/or DNA, but also production of additional cellular machinery, such as ribosomes, to handle the increased demands. Since the nucleolus is a major site of RNA processing and ribonucleoprotein assembly, nucleoli are targeted by viruses, directly when viral RNA and proteins enter the nucleolus and indirectly when viruses induce increased expression of cellular polyamine genes. Polyamines are at high levels in nucleoli to assist in RNA folding. The size and activity of nucleoli increase directly with increases in polyamines. Nucleolar expansion due to abnormal increases in polyamines could disrupt nearby chromatin, such as the inactive X chromosome, leading to expression of previously sequestered DNA. Sudden expression of a large concentration of Alu elements from the disrupted inactive X can compete with RNA transcripts containing intronic Alu sequences that normally maintain nucleolar structural integrity. Such disruption of nucleolar activity can lead to misfolded RNAs, misassembled ribonucleoprotein complexes, and fragmentation of the nucleolus. Many autoantigens in lupus are, at least transiently, components of the nucleolus. Considering these effects of viruses, the “X chromosome–nucleolus nexus” hypothesis, which proposed disruption of the inactive X by the nucleolus during stress, is now expanded here to propose subsequent disruption of the nucleolus by previously sequestered Alu elements, which can fragment the nucleolus, leading to generation of autoantigens.
has issue date	2017-11-28(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3389/fimmu.2017.01657
bibo:pmid	29234321
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	8495f7c65f4a6cbce0e0d53c0900f10f6740826e
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01657
resource representing a document's title	Viral Impact in Autoimmune Diseases: Expanding the “X Chromosome–Nucleolus Nexus” Hypothesis
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC5712313
has PubMed identifier	29234321
schema:publication	Front Immunol
resource representing a document's body	covid:8495f7c65f4a6cbce0e0d53c0900f10f6740826e#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Such' named entity 'stress' named entity 'induce' named entity 'cellular' named entity 'site' named entity 'Many' named entity 'virus' named entity 'HYPOTHESIS' named entity 'AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES' named entity 'PRODUCTION' named entity 'ADDITIONAL' named entity 'RNA' named entity 'CONSIDERING' named entity 'STRUCTURAL' named entity 'SIZE' named entity 'ASSEMBLY' named entity 'INACTIVE' named entity 'INCREASE' named entity 'RNA PROCESSING' named entity 'LUPUS' named entity 'LEVELS' named entity 'GENES' named entity 'HOST CELLS' named entity 'INCREASED' named entity 'THESE' named entity 'EXPRESSION' named entity 'ALU' named entity 'ASSIST' named entity 'LEADING' named entity 'DIRECTLY' named entity 'AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES' named entity 'ENTER' named entity 'HANDLE' named entity 'DNA' named entity 'DISRUPTION' named entity 'DISRUPT' named entity 'ROLES' named entity 'INCREASES' named entity 'COMPETE' named entity 'PROTEINS' named entity 'EXPANSION' named entity 'BUT' named entity 'NEXUS' named entity 'NUCLEOLAR' named entity 'EFFECTS' named entity 'VIRAL RNA' named entity 'INSIGHT' named entity 'X CHROMOSOME' named entity 'CHROMOSOME' named entity 'SEQUESTERED' named entity 'TARGETED' named entity 'UNCLEAR' named entity 'PREVIOUSLY' named entity 'DUE TO' named entity 'SIGNIFICANT' named entity 'RIBOSOMES' named entity 'NUCLEOLUS' named entity 'EXPANDING' named entity 'CHROMOSOME' named entity 'SUSPECTED' named entity 'HYPOTHESIS' named entity 'TRANSCRIPTS' named entity 'ALU ELEMENTS' named entity 'RNA FOLDING' named entity 'MISFOLDED' named entity 'HIGH' named entity 'AUTOANTIGENS' named entity 'IS A' named entity 'FRAGMENTATION' named entity 'MAINTAIN' named entity 'CONTAINING' named entity 'INCREASED EXPRESSION' named entity 'PLACES' named entity 'DEMANDS' named entity 'FRAGMENT' named entity 'VIRAL' named entity 'IMPACT'

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