About: Parkinson's disease: a dual‐hit hypothesis

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Parkinson's disease: a dual‐hit hypothesis
Creator	Braak, H Hawkes, C Tredici, K
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic Parkinson's disease has a long prodromal period during which several non‐motor features develop, in particular, impairment of olfaction, vagal dysfunction and sleep disorder. Early sites of Lewy pathology are the olfactory bulb and enteric plexus of the stomach. We propose that a neurotropic pathogen, probably viral, enters the brain via two routes: (i) nasal, with anterograde progression into the temporal lobe; and (ii) gastric, secondary to swallowing of nasal secretions in saliva. These secretions might contain a neurotropic pathogen that, after penetration of the epithelial lining, could enter axons of the Meissner's plexus and, via transsynaptic transmission, reach the preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurones of the vagus nerve. This would allow retrograde transport into the medulla and, from here, into the pons and midbrain until the substantia nigra is reached and typical aspects of disease commence. Evidence for this theory from the perspective of olfactory and autonomic dysfunction is reviewed, and the possible routes of pathogenic invasion are considered. It is concluded that the most parsimonious explanation for the initial events of sporadic Parkinson's disease is pathogenic access to the brain through the stomach and nose – hence the term ‘dual‐hit’.
has issue date	2007-10-24(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x
bibo:pmid	17961138
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	8adc1ad8317137b9c288302ee8d579cf5a017404
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x
resource representing a document's title	Parkinson's disease: a dual‐hit hypothesis
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7194308
has PubMed identifier	17961138
schema:publication	Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol
resource representing a document's body	covid:8adc1ad8317137b9c288302ee8d579cf5a017404#body_text
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