About: The use of tear ferning test in cats for evaluation of ocular surface

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	The use of tear ferning test in cats for evaluation of ocular surface
Creator	Cláudia, Ana Carlos, Alberto Fontes Veloso, Jéssica Lacerda, Ariane Lima, Larissa Pontes Oriá, Arianne Raposo, Santos Santiago, Renata Silva, Borges Vital, Cláudia
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: The tear film is a trilaminar fluid composed mainly of lipids, electrolytes, proteins and water. It is responsible for lubrication, nutrition and protection against microbial and toxic agents. Disruption of any these components may weaken the ocular surface, making it more susceptible to disease. Increasing evidence suggests that qualitative tear film deficiencies are an important predisposing factor or cause of some of the most common and challenging ocular diseases in cats, including conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer, spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED), pigmentary keratitis, corneal sequestrum and dry eye syndrome. The aim of this study was to describe the tear ferning test in healthy cats and to compare the results by using two grading scales for humans. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer tear test (STT) strips from 60 healthy cats, and, after centrifuging the strips to obtain the samples, the aliquot was placed on clean microscope glass until it dried and the tear ferning patterns were observed under a polarized light microscope and classified according to the Rolando and Masmali grading scales. RESULTS: Ferning patterns in the lower grades showed full crystallization with high density, without gaps between the ferns and branches, forming several nuclei that were easily distinguished. According to the Rolando scale, 50% (60/120), 46.6% (56/120) and 3.4% (4/120) of eyes showed type I, II and III patterns, respectively. According to the Masmali scale, 15% (18/120), 56.6% (68/120 eyes) and 28.4% (34/120) of eyes showed grade 0, 1 and 2 patterns, respectively. No difference was observed between the right and left eyes for both Rolando (P = 0.225) and Masmali (P = 0.683) scales. CONCLUSIONS: The tear ferning test is a qualitative test that can be used in cats as a complementary evaluation of the ocular surface. While the Rolando scale showed an increased prevalence of types I and II, the Masmali scale showed an increased prevalence of grades 1 and 2. This can be attributed to the species-specific differences between human and feline tear film. So Masmali grade 2 can be considered a normal tear pattern for the species, because all the cats used in study were clinically healthy. For this reason, future complementary studies are necessary for comparing healthy eyes and eyes with different ocular surface disease in cats. Both scales can be feasible options for grading tear crystallization in cats, but as Rolando scale included 96.6% of the samples in the 2 types that are considered normal for humans, we think that this scale seemed to be more precise to classify crystallization pattern in cats. The crystallization patterns observed in this study can form the basis for standardizing ocular surface parameters in cats.
has issue date	2020-05-26(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1186/s13028-020-00523-5
bibo:pmid	32456655
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	935cdf0d8f660aac60df6dffe3d7532bb2bbe85d
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00523-5
resource representing a document's title	The use of tear ferning test in cats for evaluation of ocular surface
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7248460
has PubMed identifier	32456655
schema:publication	Acta Vet Scand
resource representing a document's body	covid:935cdf0d8f660aac60df6dffe3d7532bb2bbe85d#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'grading' named entity 'aim' named entity 'electrolytes' named entity 'evidence' named entity 'conjunctivitis' named entity 'cats' named entity 'Schirmer' named entity 'tear' covid:arg/935cdf0d8f660aac60df6dffe3d7532bb2bbe85d named entity 'making' named entity 'water' named entity 'clean' named entity 'dry eye syndrome' named entity 'corneal' named entity 'lubrication' named entity 'surface' named entity 'chronic' named entity 'grading' named entity 'study' named entity 'microbial' named entity 'Schirmer tear test' named entity 'crystallization' named entity 'complete blood counts' named entity 'Brazil' named entity 'microbial' named entity 'nutrition' named entity 'crystallization' named entity 'nuclei' named entity 'Brazil' named entity 'Dry Eye Syndrome' named entity 'Oria' named entity 'osmolarity' named entity 'tear film' named entity 'tear fluid' named entity 'tear production' named entity 'nuclei' named entity 'pigmentary' named entity 'signs of disease' named entity 'fluorescein' named entity 'Animal Experimentation' named entity 'gold standard' named entity 'creatinine' named entity 'tonometer' named entity 'keratitis' named entity 'Brazil' named entity 'crystallization' named entity 'crystallization' named entity 'ACSR' named entity 'confidence intervals' named entity 'capuchin monkeys' named entity 'keratitis' named entity 'correlation' named entity 'branching pattern' named entity 'tear production' named entity 'dry eye syndrome' named entity 'domestic cats' named entity 'nuclei' named entity 'centrifugation' named entity 'TFs' named entity 'crystallization' named entity 'morphology' named entity 'fern' named entity 'capuchin monkeys' named entity 'crystallization' named entity 'feline immunodeficiency virus' named entity 'animal species' named entity 'normal range' named entity 'São Paulo' named entity 'corneal ulcer' named entity 'left eye' named entity 'Ophthalmos' named entity 'São Paulo'

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