About: Risk factors for positive and negative COVID-19 tests: a cautious and in-depth analysis of UK biobank data

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Risk factors for positive and negative COVID-19 tests: a cautious and in-depth analysis of UK biobank data
Creator	Bodinier, Barbara Chadeau-Hyam, Marc Delpierre, Cyrille Elliott, Paul Elliott, Joshua Kelly-Irving, Michelle Tzoulaki, Ioanna Vermeulen, Roel Whitaker, Matthew
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: The recent COVID-19 outbreak has generated an unprecedented public health crisis, with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Using hospital-based or mortality data, several COVID-19 risk factors have been identified, but these may be confounded or biased. METHODS: Using SARS-CoV-2 infection test data (n = 4509 tests; 1325 positive) from Public Health England, linked to the UK Biobank study, we explored the contribution of demographic, social, health risk, medical and environmental factors to COVID-19 risk. We used multivariable and penalized logistic regression models for the risk of (i) being tested, (ii) testing positive/negative in the study population and, adopting a test negative design, (iii) the risk of testing positive within the tested population. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, variables independently associated with the risk of being tested for COVID-19 with odds ratio >1.05 were: male sex; Black ethnicity; social disadvantage (as measured by education, housing and income); occupation (healthcare worker, retired, unemployed); ever smoker; severely obese; comorbidities; and greater exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 absorbance. Of these, only male sex, non-White ethnicity and lower educational attainment, and none of the comorbidities or health risk factors, were associated with testing positive among tested individuals. CONCLUSIONS: We adopted a careful and exhaustive approach within a large population-based cohort, which enabled us to triangulate evidence linking male sex, lower educational attainment and non-White ethnicity with the risk of COVID-19. The elucidation of the joint and independent effects of these factors is a high-priority area for further research to inform on the natural history of COVID-19.
has issue date	2020-08-20(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1093/ije/dyaa134
bibo:pmid	32814959
has license	cc-by
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa134
resource representing a document's title	Risk factors for positive and negative COVID-19 tests: a cautious and in-depth analysis of UK biobank data
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7454561
has PubMed identifier	32814959
schema:publication	Int J Epidemiol
resource representing a document's body	covid:PMC7454561#body_text
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