About: Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility
Creator	Cheng, Zhangrui Thomas, Carole Oguejiofor, Chike Wathes, D
Source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Many viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes.
has issue date	2019-07-24(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020
bibo:pmid	32288965
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	ac93c3f7b9207fea7f888e2c53950c66e96b072f
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020
resource representing a document's title	Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7104734
has PubMed identifier	32288965
schema:publication	Engineering (Beijing)
resource representing a document's body	covid:ac93c3f7b9207fea7f888e2c53950c66e96b072f#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Acute' named entity 'cattle' named entity 'These' named entity 'calving' named entity 'dairy cows' named entity 'BTV' named entity 'animals' named entity 'breeding' named entity 'BVDV' named entity 'ovarian' named entity 'breeding' named entity 'uterine' named entity 'EARLY LACTATION' named entity 'ENDEMIC' named entity 'DEVELOPMENT' named entity 'VIRUS' named entity 'EASY' named entity 'ABORTIONS' named entity 'POPULATIONS' named entity 'ESTABLISHED' named entity 'CALVES' named entity 'BHV-1' named entity 'NON-' named entity 'ACTION' named entity 'SIGNIFICANT' named entity 'VACCINATION' named entity 'ANIMAL' named entity 'BACTERIAL PATHOGENS' named entity 'ABORTION RATES' named entity 'COWS' named entity 'ACUTE INFECTION' named entity 'INCREASES' named entity 'BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS' named entity 'PLACENTA' named entity 'THEIR' named entity 'CALVING' named entity 'THESE' named entity 'CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS' named entity 'INFECTED' named entity 'INCREASED' named entity 'DEPENDENT' named entity 'COMMON' named entity 'PROMOTE' named entity 'BREEDING' named entity 'INCREASE' named entity 'WORLDWIDE' covid:arg/ac93c3f7b9207fea7f888e2c53950c66e96b072f named entity 'PERSISTENTLY' named entity 'VIRAL DISEASE' named entity 'CAUSE' named entity 'DISEASE' named entity 'PREVIOUSLY' named entity 'EXAMPLE' named entity 'REVIEWS' named entity 'UNDERSTOOD' named entity 'BLUETONGUE VIRUS ' named entity 'ACT' named entity 'DIRECT' named entity 'FERTILITY' named entity 'DAIRY COW' named entity 'NC-' named entity 'LICENSE' named entity 'ORG' named entity 'GESTATION' named entity 'UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM' named entity 'REDUCED' named entity 'REPORTED' named entity 'TRUEPERELLA PYOGENES' named entity 'ECONOMIC' named entity 'HELP' named entity 'DIFFICULT' named entity 'SCHMALLENBERG VIRUS' named entity 'OVARIES' named entity 'SLOW' named entity 'INFECTION' named entity 'VIRAL DISEASES' named entity 'JUSTIFY' named entity 'HIGHLY'

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