About: 3D Printed frames to enable reuse and improve the fit of N95 and KN95 respirators

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About: 3D Printed frames to enable reuse and improve the fit of N95 and KN95 respirators Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	3D Printed frames to enable reuse and improve the fit of N95 and KN95 respirators
Creator	Cramer, Avilash Lee, Karen Short, Michael Sorger, Peter Yu, Sherry Beller, Brandon Bui, Ai-Tram Freake, Jacob Hansen, Christopher Krikorian, David Leboeuf, Nicole Li, Sara Liwei, Mcavoy, Malia Plana, Deborah Said, Jordan Smith, Leanne Van, Christopher Yang, Helen Yu, Zizi
Source	MedRxiv; Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: In response to supply shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs or “masks”), which are typically single-use devices in healthcare settings, are routinely being used for prolonged periods and in some cases decontaminated under “reuse” and “extended use” policies. However, the reusability of N95 masks is often limited by degradation or breakage of elastic head bands and issues with mask fit after repeated use. The purpose of this study was to develop a frame for N95 masks, using readily available materials and 3D printing, which could replace defective or broken bands and improve fit. RESULTS: An iterative design process yielded a mask frame consisting of two 3D-printed side pieces, malleable wire links that users press against their face, and cut lengths of elastic material that go around the head to hold the frame and mask in place. Volunteers (n= 41; average BMI= 25.5), of whom 31 were women, underwent qualitative fit with and without mask frames and one or more of four different brands of FFRs conforming to US N95 or Chinese KN95 standards. Masks passed qualitative fit testing in the absence of a frame at rates varying from 48 – 92% (depending on mask model and tester). For individuals for whom a mask passed testing, 75-100% (average = 86%) also passed testing with a frame holding the mask in place. Among users for whom a mask failed in initial fit testing, 41% passed using a frame. Success varied with mask model and across individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mask frames can prolong the lifespan of N95 and KN95 masks by serving as a substitute for broken or defective bands without adversely affecting fit. Frames also have the potential to improve fit for some individuals who cannot fit existing masks. Frames therefore represent a simple and inexpensive way of extending the life and utility of PPE in short supply. For clinicians and institutions interested in mask frames, designs and specifications are provided without restriction for use or modification. To ensure adequate performance in clinical settings, qualitative fit testing with user-specific masks and frames is required.
has issue date	2020-07-26(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1101/2020.07.20.20151019
bibo:pmid	32743606
has license	cc-by-nc-nd
sha1sum (hex)	ad1a0ed61f16500e481acd5d455124c9aacf3868
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.20151019
resource representing a document's title	3D Printed frames to enable reuse and improve the fit of N95 and KN95 respirators
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7386530
has PubMed identifier	32743606
schema:publication	medRxiv
resource representing a document's body	covid:ad1a0ed61f16500e481acd5d455124c9aacf3868#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'settings' named entity 'N95' named entity 'healthcare' named entity 'POLICIES' named entity 'N95' named entity 'SHORTAGES' covid:arg/ad1a0ed61f16500e481acd5d455124c9aacf3868 named entity 'FFRs' named entity 'response' named entity 'supply' named entity 'reuse' named entity 'single-use' named entity 'N95' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'FFRs' named entity 'respiratory protection' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'SARS-CoV-2' named entity 'CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0' named entity 'medRxiv' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'peer review' named entity 'respirator' named entity 'peer review' named entity 'fit testing' named entity 'peer review' named entity 'U.S.' named entity 'NIOSH' named entity 'medRxiv' named entity 'respirator' named entity 'healthcare workforce' named entity '3D printer' named entity 'N95' named entity 'superglue' named entity 'medical students' named entity 'medRxiv' named entity 'N95' named entity 'medRxiv' named entity 'FFRs' named entity 'infection' named entity 'respirator' named entity 'inhalation' named entity 'N95' named entity 'respirator' named entity 'cyanoacrylate' named entity 'routes of transmission' named entity '3D printing' named entity 'respirator' named entity 'preprint' named entity '3D-printed' named entity 'medRxiv' named entity 'CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'H1N1' named entity 'peer review' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'preprint' named entity 'N95' named entity 'medRxiv' named entity 'N95' named entity 'health care' named entity 'Kimberly Clark'

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