About: The S2 Subunit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Beaudette Is a Determinant of Cellular Tropism

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Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	The S2 Subunit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Beaudette Is a Determinant of Cellular Tropism
Creator	Britton, Paul Armesto, Maria Bickerton, Erica Stevenson-Leggett, Phoebe Maier, Helena
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	The spike (S) glycoprotein of the avian gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is comprised of two subunits (S1 and S2), has a role in virulence in vivo, and is responsible for cellular tropism in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that replacement of the S glycoprotein ectodomain from the avirulent Beaudette strain of IBV with the corresponding region from the virulent M41-CK strain resulted in a recombinant virus, BeauR-M41(S), with the in vitro cell tropism of M41-CK. The IBV Beaudette strain is able to replicate in both primary chick kidney cells and Vero cells, whereas the IBV M41-CK strain replicates in primary cells only. In order to investigate the region of the IBV S responsible for growth in Vero cells, we generated a series of recombinant IBVs expressing chimeric S glycoproteins, consisting of regions from the Beaudette and M41-CK S gene sequences, within the genomic background of Beaudette. The S2, but not the S1, subunit of the Beaudette S was found to confer the ability to grow in Vero cells. Various combinations of Beaudette-specific amino acids were introduced into the S2 subunit of M41 to determine the minimum requirement to confer tropism for growth in Vero cells. The ability of IBV to grow and produce infectious progeny virus in Vero cells was subsequently narrowed down to just 3 amino acids surrounding the S2′ cleavage site. Conversely, swapping of the 3 Beaudette-associated amino acids with the corresponding ones from M41 was sufficient to abolish Beaudette growth in Vero cells. IMPORTANCE Infectious bronchitis remains a major problem in the global poultry industry, despite the existence of many different vaccines. IBV vaccines, both live attenuated and inactivated, are currently grown on embryonated hen's eggs, a cumbersome and expensive process due to the fact that most IBV strains do not grow in cultured cells. The reverse genetics system for IBV creates the opportunity for generating rationally designed and more effective vaccines. The observation that IBV Beaudette has the additional tropism for growth on Vero cells also invokes the possibility of generating IBV vaccines produced from cultured cells rather than by the use of embryonated eggs. The regions of the IBV Beaudette S glycoprotein involved in the determination of extended cellular tropism were identified in this study. This information will enable the rational design of a future generation of IBV vaccines that may be grown on Vero cells.
has issue date	2018-09-12(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1128/jvi.01044-18
bibo:pmid	30021894
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	b77ed891047029cda65117192670f81edf87f1dd
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01044-18
resource representing a document's title	The S2 Subunit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Beaudette Is a Determinant of Cellular Tropism
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC6146808
has PubMed identifier	30021894
schema:publication	J Virol
resource representing a document's body	covid:b77ed891047029cda65117192670f81edf87f1dd#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'IBV' named entity 'cells' named entity 'Vero' named entity 'gammacoronavirus' named entity 'M41' named entity 'introduced' named entity 'Bronchitis' named entity 'Tropism' named entity 'PROGENY' named entity 'VIRULENCE' named entity 'MINIMUM' named entity 'AVIRULENT' named entity 'GLYCOPROTEIN' named entity 'CHICK' named entity 'REQUIREMENT' named entity 'AMINO ACIDS' named entity 'VIRUS' covid:arg/b77ed891047029cda65117192670f81edf87f1dd named entity 'IS A' named entity 'ROLE' named entity 'DEMONSTRATED' named entity 'SERIES' named entity 'BUT' named entity 'GROW' named entity 'SUBUNIT' named entity 'INFECTIOUS' named entity 'TO INVESTIGATE' named entity 'SUBUNIT' named entity 'GLYCOPROTEINS' named entity 'REPLICATE' named entity 'FOUND' named entity 'CELLULAR TROPISM' named entity 'DETERMINANT' named entity 'INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS' named entity 'SPIKE' named entity 'STRAIN' named entity 'IN VIVO' named entity 'M41' named entity 'VARIOUS COMBINATIONS' named entity 'NARROWED' named entity 'GROWTH' named entity 'VERO CELLS' named entity 'GENOMIC BACKGROUND' named entity 'ASSOCIATED' named entity 'SURROUNDING' named entity '28S' named entity 'SPECIFIC' named entity 'ECTODOMAIN' named entity 'REGION' named entity 'ORDER' named entity 'SITE' named entity 'HAVE' named entity 'TROPISM' named entity 'CHIMERIC' named entity 'CELLULAR TROPISM' named entity 'RESPONSIBLE' named entity 'RECOMBINANT VIRUS' named entity 'AVIAN' named entity 'GENE' named entity 'INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS' named entity 'SUFFICIENT' named entity 'REPLACEMENT' named entity 'RECOMBINANT' named entity 'PRIMARY' named entity 'PRIMARY CELLS' named entity 'PREVIOUSLY' named entity 'INTRODUCED INTO' named entity 'IN VITRO' named entity 'CLEAVAGE' named entity 'GENERATED' named entity 'CELLS' named entity 'DETERMINE' named entity 'KIDNEY' named entity 'PRODUCE' named entity 'VIRULENT' named entity 'JUST' named entity 'SEQUENCES'

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