About: Efferent Synaptic Transmission at the Vestibular Type II Hair Cell Synapse

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Efferent Synaptic Transmission at the Vestibular Type II Hair Cell Synapse
Creator	Yu, Zhou Glowatzki, Elisabeth Hall, Cary Mcintosh, J Sadeghi, Soroush St, Main
source	BioRxiv
abstract	In the vestibular peripheral organs, type I and type II hair cells (HCs) transmit incoming signals via glutamatergic quantal transmission onto afferent nerve fibers. Additionally, type I HCs transmit via ‘non-quantal’ transmission to calyx afferent fibers, by accumulation of glutamate and potassium in the synaptic cleft. Vestibular efferent inputs originating in the brainstem contact type II HCs and vestibular afferents. Here, we aimed at characterizing the synaptic efferent inputs to type II HCs using electrical and optogenetic stimulation of efferent fibers combined with in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recording from type II HCs in the rodent vestibular crista. Properties of efferent synaptic currents in type II HCs were similar to those found in cochlear hair cells and mediated by activation of α9/α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and SK potassium channels. While efferents showed a low probability of release at low frequencies of stimulation, repetitive stimulation resulted in facilitation and increased probability of release. Notably, the membrane potential of type II HCs measured during optogenetic stimulation of efferents showed a strong hyperpolarization even in response to single pulses and was further enhanced by repetitive stimulation. Such efferent-mediated inhibition of type II HCs can provide a mechanism to adjust the contribution of signals from type I and type II HCs to vestibular nerve fibers. As a result, the relative input of type I hair cells to vestibular afferents will be strengthened, emphasizing the phasic properties of the incoming signal that are transmitted via fast non-quantal transmission. New and Noteworthy Type II vestibular hair cells (HCs) receive inputs from efferent fibers originating in the brainstem. We used in vitro optogenetic and electrical stimulation of efferent fibers to study their synaptic inputs to type II HCs. Efferent inputs inhibited type II HCs, similar to cochlear efferent effects. We propose that efferent inputs adjust the contribution of signals from type I and type II HCs that report different components of the incoming signal to vestibular nerve fibers.
has issue date	2020-03-16(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1101/2020.03.14.992180
has license	biorxiv
sha1sum (hex)	b90303e6ed5c849ca8f9935cc131337aba856988
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.14.992180
resource representing a document's title	Efferent Synaptic Transmission at the Vestibular Type II Hair Cell Synapse
schema:publication	bioRxiv
resource representing a document's body	covid:b90303e6ed5c849ca8f9935cc131337aba856988#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'hair cells' named entity 'facilitation' named entity 'type I' named entity 'calyx' named entity 'fast' named entity 'inhibition' named entity 'result' named entity 'mediated' named entity 'Cell' named entity 'Synaptic' named entity 'VESTIBULAR NERVE' named entity 'STIMULATION' named entity 'EFFERENT' named entity 'SYNAPTIC CLEFT' named entity 'PROPERTIES' named entity 'efferents' named entity 'provide' named entity 'afferents' named entity 'Properties' named entity 'synaptic' named entity 'HCs' named entity 'hair cells' named entity 'receptors' named entity 'strong' named entity 'type I' named entity 'type II' named entity 'afferent fibers' named entity 'single' named entity 'transmitted' named entity 'efferent' named entity 'synaptic cleft' named entity 'potassium channels' named entity 'optogenetic' named entity 'Vestibular' named entity 'brainstem' named entity 'afferents' named entity 'hair cells' named entity 'calyx' named entity 'probability' named entity 'efferent' named entity 'synaptic cleft' named entity 'HCs' named entity 'afferent fibers' named entity 'Synapse' named entity 'Synaptic Transmission' named entity 'hair cells' named entity 'membrane potential' named entity 'probability' named entity 'synaptic strength' named entity 'Apamin' named entity 'current clamp' named entity 'brainstem' named entity 'summated' named entity 'brainstem' named entity 'glutamatergic' named entity 'membrane potential' named entity 'extracellular' named entity 'electrical stimulation' named entity 'time constant' named entity 'hair cells' named entity 'EPSC' named entity '4-AP' named entity 'cations' named entity 'EPSCs' named entity 'potassium' named entity 'rat' named entity 'paired t-test' named entity 'mice' named entity 'amplitude' named entity 'hair cell' named entity 'time constant' named entity 'synapses' named entity 'efferents' named entity 'nAChRs' named entity 'amplitude' named entity 'EMD Millipore' named entity 'nAChRs' named entity 'neurotransmitter' named entity '24 hrs'

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