About: Emerging Technologies for the Detection of Rabies Virus: Challenges and Hopes in the 21st Century

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Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Emerging Technologies for the Detection of Rabies Virus: Challenges and Hopes in the 21st Century
Creator	Dastjerdi, Akbar Johnson, Nicholas Wright, Edward Weiss, Robin Freuling, Conrad Banyard, Ashley Fooks, Anthony Marston, Denise Mcelhinney, Lorraine Mü Ller, Thomas Wakeley, Philip
Source	PMC
abstract	The diagnosis of rabies is routinely based on clinical and epidemiological information, especially when exposures are reported in rabies-endemic countries. Diagnostic tests using conventional assays that appear to be negative, even when undertaken late in the disease and despite the clinical diagnosis, have a tendency, at times, to be unreliable. These tests are rarely optimal and entirely dependent on the nature and quality of the sample supplied. In the course of the past three decades, the application of molecular biology has aided in the development of tests that result in a more rapid detection of rabies virus. These tests enable viral strain identification from clinical specimens. Currently, there are a number of molecular tests that can be used to complement conventional tests in rabies diagnosis. Indeed the challenges in the 21st century for the development of rabies diagnostics are not of a technical nature; these tests are available now. The challenges in the 21st century for diagnostic test developers are two-fold: firstly, to achieve internationally accepted validation of a test that will then lead to its acceptance by organisations globally. Secondly, the areas of the world where such tests are needed are mainly in developing regions where financial and logistical barriers prevent their implementation. Although developing countries with a poor healthcare infrastructure recognise that molecular-based diagnostic assays will be unaffordable for routine use, the cost/benefit ratio should still be measured. Adoption of rapid and affordable rabies diagnostic tests for use in developing countries highlights the importance of sharing and transferring technology through laboratory twinning between the developed and the developing countries. Importantly for developing countries, the benefit of molecular methods as tools is the capability for a differential diagnosis of human diseases that present with similar clinical symptoms. Antemortem testing for human rabies is now possible using molecular techniques. These barriers are not insurmountable and it is our expectation that if such tests are accepted and implemented where they are most needed, they will provide substantial improvements for rabies diagnosis and surveillance. The advent of molecular biology and new technological initiatives that combine advances in biology with other disciplines will support the development of techniques capable of high throughput testing with a low turnaround time for rabies diagnosis.
has issue date	2009-09-29(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1371/journal.pntd.0000530
bibo:pmid	19787037
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	c6fde7aab8fedbe212cac83d89064d4fb74089b9
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000530
resource representing a document's title	Emerging Technologies for the Detection of Rabies Virus: Challenges and Hopes in the 21st Century
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC2745658
has PubMed identifier	19787037
schema:publication	PLoS Negl Trop Dis
resource representing a document's body	covid:c6fde7aab8fedbe212cac83d89064d4fb74089b9#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Detection' named entity 'BASED' named entity 'RABIES' named entity 'HOPES' named entity '21ST CENTURY' named entity 'CHALLENGES' named entity 'RABIES VIRUS' named entity 'EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES' named entity 'DETECTION' named entity 'DIAGNOSIS' named entity 'diagnosis' named entity 'rabies' named entity 'Emerging Technologies' named entity 'human diseases' named entity 'Immunoassays' named entity 'post mortem' named entity 'gold standard' named entity 'milk' named entity 'RT-PCR' named entity 'West Nile' named entity 'lyssaviruses' named entity 'virus' named entity 'fluorescent microscope' named entity 'immunosensor' named entity 'antibodies' named entity 'genotype' named entity 'host response' named entity 'streptavidin' named entity 'viral RNA' named entity 'polymerase chain reaction' named entity 'OIE' named entity 'CVS' named entity 'Serological' named entity 'confirmatory diagnosis' named entity 'rabies' named entity 'lyssavirus' named entity 'cost-effective' named entity 'rabies' named entity 'mouse brain' named entity 'cost effectiveness' named entity 'lyssaviruses' named entity 'viral RNA' named entity 'developing countries' named entity 'robotics' named entity 'TaqMan' named entity 'MIT' named entity 'RNA' named entity 'redox' named entity 'PubMed' named entity 'Mokola virus' named entity 'genotypes' named entity 'DNA polymerase' named entity 'molecular diagnostics' named entity 'electrolytes' named entity 'cross-contamination' named entity 'biosensor' named entity 'early diagnosis' named entity 'rabies virus' named entity 'nucleic acid' named entity 'RNA' named entity 'Molecular Devices' named entity 'lyssavirus' named entity 'WHO' named entity 'differential diagnosis' named entity 'virology' named entity 'serological' named entity 'vaccination' named entity 'primers' named entity 'CSF' named entity 'virus' named entity 'immunotherapy'

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