About: Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19

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About: Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19 Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19
Creator	Sokolowska, Milena Akdis, Mübeccel Akdis, Cezmi Nadeau, Kari Gao, Yadong O'mahony, Liam Azkur, Dilek Brüggen, Marie-Charlotte Kursat Azkur, Ahmet Van De Veen, Willem
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	As a zoonotic disease that has already spread globally to several million human beings and possibly to domestic and wild animals, eradication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) appears practically impossible. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the immunology of this disease to contain the pandemic by developing vaccines and medicines for the prevention and treatment of patients. In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to detoriating clinical conditions such as, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute phase reactants and serum biochemistry in COVID‐19. Similar to many other viral infections, asymptomatic disease is present in a significant but currently unknown fraction of the affected individuals.In the majority of the patients, a one‐week, self‐limiting viral respiratory disease typically occurs, which ends with the development of neutralizing anti‐viral T cell and antibody immunity. The IgM, IgA and IgG type virus‐specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross‐reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place.High viral‐load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID‐19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. Lymphopenia causes a defect in antiviral and immune regulatory immunity. At the same time, a cytokine storm starts with extensive activation of cytokine‐secreting cells with innate and adaptive immune mechanisms both of with contribute to a poor prognosis. Elevated levels of acute phase reactants and lymphopenia are early predictors of high disease severity. Prevention of development to severe disease, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome and novel approachs to prevent their development will be main routes for future research areas. As we learn to live amidst the virus, understanding the immunology of the disease can assist in containing the pandemic and in developing vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat individual patients.
has issue date	2020-05-12(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1111/all.14364
bibo:pmid	32396996
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	d0891a615ac11ce2a55cc9f9a58aeb763a1acbdf
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14364
resource representing a document's title	Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7272948
has PubMed identifier	32396996
schema:publication	Allergy
resource representing a document's body	covid:d0891a615ac11ce2a55cc9f9a58aeb763a1acbdf#body_text
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