About: Sexual Dimorphism of Size Ontogeny and Life History

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Sexual Dimorphism of Size Ontogeny and Life History
Creator	Ev Hochberg, Ze Fideleff, Hugo German, Alina
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	Background: Ecological and physiological factors and social and economic constraints affect sex-specific body size. Here, we used the male/female (M/F) height ratio as an indicator of the combined effect of genetic and sex characteristics. We hypothesized that (1) sexual dimorphism in body size will be established during infancy and adolescence when growth velocity is maximal, (2) living standards and health are important factors which can affect sexual dimorphism in body size, (3) variations in sexual dimorphism in body size are due to the differential response of boys and girls to environmental cues, and (4) sexual dimorphism in body size will be more pronounced in those populations whose average height and weight are the greatest. Methods: To study the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism from birth until the age of 18 years, we used the 2000 CDC growth data. Data on height by country, life expectancy, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita based on purchasing power parity were extracted from the national accounts data of NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, the World Bank, Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Program, and the US Census Bureau. Results: We found that sexual dimorphism in body size starts at age 1 month, peaks at age 3 months, and diminishes by age 24 months. During childhood, there is no sexual difference in body size, and it is gradually established when the boys enter puberty. The M/F height ratio correlates positively with the average male and female height and weight by country. Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism in body size occurs when (a) the growth velocity is maximal during infancy and adolescence, (b) living standards are high, and health correlate positively with male/female height ratio. Anthropological studies and our results emphasize mostly the female resiliency hypothesis: shorter male heights in times of environmental stress lead to smaller sexual dimorphism in body size.
has issue date	2020-07-24(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.3389/fped.2020.00387
bibo:pmid	32793524
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	dd6320bea9a63102b962b3c26504f7ee38e8e2f5
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00387
resource representing a document's title	Sexual Dimorphism of Size Ontogeny and Life History
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7394004
has PubMed identifier	32793524
schema:publication	Front Pediatr
resource representing a document's body	covid:dd6320bea9a63102b962b3c26504f7ee38e8e2f5#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'factors' named entity 'cues' named entity 'HEIGHT AND WEIGHT' named entity 'USED' named entity 'BACKGROUND' named entity 'weight' named entity 'average height' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'health' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'growth velocity' named entity 'environmental cues' named entity 'Life History' named entity 'trade-off' named entity 'time-series analysis' named entity 'population density' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'life expectancy' named entity 'anthropometric' named entity 'life expectancy at birth' named entity 'subsistence-based' named entity 'Anthropological studies' named entity 'testosterone' named entity 'GDP per capita' named entity 'estradiol' named entity 'high-income countries' named entity 'subsistence-based' named entity 'depression-related' named entity 'average height' named entity 'GDP' named entity 'source field' named entity 'Oxytocin' named entity 'life expectancy at birth' named entity 'life expectancy' named entity 'fight or flight response' named entity 'life expectancy' named entity 'purchasing power parity' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'ethnic group' named entity 'life expectancy at birth' named entity 'M/F' named entity 'Bavaria' named entity 'post-traumatic stress disorder' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'ontogeny' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'Orissa' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'antibodies' named entity 'anthropometric' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'physiological' named entity 'allometry' named entity 'Size dimorphism' named entity 'living standards' named entity 'correlation' named entity 'estradiol' named entity 'teenage girls' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'vasopressin' named entity 'discrimination' named entity 'stress response' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'tend and befriend' named entity 'anthropometric' named entity 'fertility' named entity 'Indonesia' named entity 'female body' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'sexual dimorphism' named entity 'Center for Disease Control and Prevention' named entity 'newborn infant' named entity 'national accounts' named entity 'environmental stress' named entity 'average height' named entity 'obstetric complications' named entity 'living standard' named entity 'sexual difference'

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