About: Street-level diplomacy and local enforcement for meat safety in northern Tanzania: knowledge, pragmatism and trust

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About: Street-level diplomacy and local enforcement for meat safety in northern Tanzania: knowledge, pragmatism and trust Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	Street-level diplomacy and local enforcement for meat safety in northern Tanzania: knowledge, pragmatism and trust
Creator	Thomas, K Barasa, V Benschop, J Cleaveland, S Crump, J Davis, M Hrynick, T Mariki, B Mmbaga, B Mtui-Malamsha, N Prinsen, G Sharp, J Sindiyo, E Swai, E Waldman, L Zadoks, R
Source	Medline; PMC
abstract	BACKGROUND: With increasing demand for red meat in Tanzania comes heightened potential for zoonotic infections in animals and humans that disproportionately affect poor communities. A range of frontline government employees work to protect public health, providing services for people engaged in animal-based livelihoods (livestock owners and butchers), and enforcing meat safety and food premises standards. In contrast to literature which emphasises the inadequacy of extension support and food safety policy implementation in low- and middle-income countries, this paper foregrounds the ‘street-level diplomacy’ deployed by frontline actors operating in challenging contexts. METHODS: This research is based on semi-structured interviews with 61 government employees, including livestock extension officers/meat inspectors and health officers, across 10 randomly-selected rural and urban wards. RESULTS: Frontline actors combined formal and informal strategies including the leveraging of formal policy texts and relationships with other state employees, remaining flexible and recognising that poverty constrained people’s ability to comply with health regulations. They emphasised the need to work with livestock keepers and butchers to build their knowledge to self-regulate and to work collaboratively to ensure meat safety. Remaining adaptive and being hesitant to act punitively unless absolutely necessary cultivated trust and positive relations, making those engaged in animal-based livelihoods more open to learning from and cooperating with extension officers and inspectors. This may result in higher levels of meat safety than might be the case if frontline actors stringently enforced regulations. CONCLUSION: The current tendency to view frontline actors’ partial enforcement of meat safety regulations as a failure obscures the creative and proactive ways in which they seek to ensure meat safety in a context of limited resources. Their application of ‘street-level diplomacy’ enables them to be sensitive to local socio-economic realities, to respect local social norms and expectations and to build support for health safety interventions when necessary. More explicitly acknowledging the role of trust and positive state-society relations and the diplomatic skills deployed by frontline actors as a formal part of their inspection duties offers new perspectives and enhanced understandings on the complicated nature of their work and what might be done to support them. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7067-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
has issue date	2019-07-03(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1186/s12889-019-7067-8
bibo:pmid	31269927
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	eaa61130ab5e4b11c8b104c76dfa4b56f496fb49
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7067-8
resource representing a document's title	Street-level diplomacy and local enforcement for meat safety in northern Tanzania: knowledge, pragmatism and trust
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC6610827
has PubMed identifier	31269927
schema:publication	BMC Public Health
resource representing a document's body	covid:eaa61130ab5e4b11c8b104c76dfa4b56f496fb49#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'DIPLOMACY' named entity 'operating' named entity 'animals' named entity 'safety' named entity 'LOCAL' named entity 'LOW' named entity 'RANGE' named entity 'DIPLOMACY' named entity 'PUBLIC HEALTH' named entity 'POTENTIAL' named entity 'SAFETY' named entity 'DEMAND' named entity 'TANZANIA' named entity 'FOOD' named entity 'INCREASING' named entity 'PEOPLE' named entity 'INCOME' named entity 'PAPER' named entity 'DEPLOYED' named entity 'HUMANS' named entity 'LITERATURE' named entity 'LEVEL' named entity 'MIDDLE' named entity 'BASED' named entity 'CONTEXTS' named entity 'ACTORS' named entity 'SERVICES' named entity 'COUNTRIES' named entity 'OPERATING' named entity 'NORTHERN' named entity 'KNOWLEDGE' named entity 'OF EXTENSION' named entity 'ENGAGED' named entity 'OWNERS' named entity 'ANIMALS' named entity 'FOOD SAFETY' named entity 'SUPPORT' named entity 'TRUST' named entity 'PRAGMATISM' named entity 'LEVEL' named entity 'MEAT' named entity 'SAFETY' named entity 'BUTCHERS' named entity 'HEIGHTENED' named entity 'STANDARDS' named entity 'MEAT' named entity 'RED MEAT' named entity 'ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS' named entity 'WORK' named entity 'ANIMAL' named entity 'PROVIDING' named entity 'CONTRAST' named entity 'IMPLEMENTATION' named entity 'GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES' named entity 'AFFECT' named entity 'BACKGROUND' named entity 'ENFORCEMENT' named entity 'TANZANIA' named entity 'POLICY' named entity 'POOR' named entity 'STREET' named entity 'COMES' named entity 'COMMUNITIES' named entity 'literature' named entity 'meat' named entity 'diplomacy'

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