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dbr:Artificial_muscle

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Artificial muscle 人造肌肉 人工筋肉 Otot buatan Muscolo artificiale

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Con il termine muscolo artificiale si indica un qualsiasi materiale o apparecchiatura che possa contrarsi, espandersi o ruotare quando sottoposta ad uno stimolo esterno come la tensione elettrica, il passaggio di corrente, una differenza di pressione o di temperatura. I tre movimenti di base, ossia la contrazione, l'espansione e la rotazione, possono combinarsi in un unico movimento più complesso. Per esempio la contrazione di un lato può essere accompagnata da un'espansione dall'altra estremità. I motori convenzionali e i motori pneumatici non sono considerati muscoli artificiali in quanto le componenti coinvolte nel movimento sono più di una. Otot buatan adalah aktuator, bahan atau perangkat yang meniru otot alami dan dapat berkontraksi, memanjang, atau berputar dalam satu komponen karena adanya rangsangan eksternal (seperti tegangan, arus, tekanan atau suhu). Tiga respons aktuasi dasar: kontraksi, ekspansi, dan rotasi dapat digabungkan bersama dalam satu komponen tunggal untuk menghasilkan jenis gerakan lainnya (misalnya menekuk, dengan memendekkan salah satu sisi material sambil memanjangkan yang lain sisi). Motor konvensional dan aktuator linier atau putar pneumatik tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai otot buatan, karena ada lebih dari satu komponen yang terlibat dalam aktuasi. Karena fleksibilitas tinggi, fleksibilitas dan rasio tenaga-ke-berat dibandingkan dengan aktuator kaku tradisional, otot buatan memiliki potensi untuk menj 人工筋肉（じんこうきんにく）は、アクチュエータの一種であり、生体の筋肉組織を工学的に模倣することを目指して開発されている。 人造肌肉是一种通用术语，指的是用于模仿天然肌肉的致动器、材料或装置，人造肌肉可以感受外部刺激（例如电压，电流，压力或温度）而在一个部件内可逆地收缩、膨胀或旋转。 三个基本的致动响应类型（收缩、膨胀和旋转）可以在单个部件内组合在一起以产生其他类型的运动，例如，人造肌肉可以通过收缩材料的一侧而扩展另一侧。传统的马达和气动线性元件或旋转致动器并不能被称为人造肌肉，这是因为在上述机械的致动中涉及了多于一个的部件。 与传统的刚性执行器相比，人造肌肉有着高灵活性和多功能性，这使得它有可能成为一种重要的新兴技术 。虽然目前人造肌肉使用有限，但该技术在工业，医学，机器人和许多其他领域中具有广泛的潜在应用。 Artificial muscles, also known as muscle-like actuators, are materials or devices that mimic natural muscle and can change their stiffness, reversibly contract, expand, or rotate within one component due to an external stimulus (such as voltage, current, pressure or temperature). The three basic actuation responses– contraction, expansion, and rotation can be combined within a single component to produce other types of motions (e.g. bending, by contracting one side of the material while expanding the other side). Conventional motors and pneumatic linear or rotary actuators do not qualify as artificial muscles, because there is more than one component involved in the actuation.

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Con il termine muscolo artificiale si indica un qualsiasi materiale o apparecchiatura che possa contrarsi, espandersi o ruotare quando sottoposta ad uno stimolo esterno come la tensione elettrica, il passaggio di corrente, una differenza di pressione o di temperatura. I tre movimenti di base, ossia la contrazione, l'espansione e la rotazione, possono combinarsi in un unico movimento più complesso. Per esempio la contrazione di un lato può essere accompagnata da un'espansione dall'altra estremità. I motori convenzionali e i motori pneumatici non sono considerati muscoli artificiali in quanto le componenti coinvolte nel movimento sono più di una. Date le loro grandi flessibilità e versatilità ed il rapporto vantaggioso potenza/peso, hanno delle potenzialità maggiori rispetto ai motori tradizionali. In futuro i muscoli artificiali potrebbero avere applicazioni nell'industria, in medicina o nella robotica. 人工筋肉（じんこうきんにく）は、アクチュエータの一種であり、生体の筋肉組織を工学的に模倣することを目指して開発されている。 Artificial muscles, also known as muscle-like actuators, are materials or devices that mimic natural muscle and can change their stiffness, reversibly contract, expand, or rotate within one component due to an external stimulus (such as voltage, current, pressure or temperature). The three basic actuation responses– contraction, expansion, and rotation can be combined within a single component to produce other types of motions (e.g. bending, by contracting one side of the material while expanding the other side). Conventional motors and pneumatic linear or rotary actuators do not qualify as artificial muscles, because there is more than one component involved in the actuation. Owing to their high flexibility, versatility and power-to-weight ratio compared with traditional rigid actuators, artificial muscles have the potential to be a highly disruptive emerging technology. Though currently in limited use, the technology may have wide future applications in industry, medicine, robotics and many other fields. Otot buatan adalah aktuator, bahan atau perangkat yang meniru otot alami dan dapat berkontraksi, memanjang, atau berputar dalam satu komponen karena adanya rangsangan eksternal (seperti tegangan, arus, tekanan atau suhu). Tiga respons aktuasi dasar: kontraksi, ekspansi, dan rotasi dapat digabungkan bersama dalam satu komponen tunggal untuk menghasilkan jenis gerakan lainnya (misalnya menekuk, dengan memendekkan salah satu sisi material sambil memanjangkan yang lain sisi). Motor konvensional dan aktuator linier atau putar pneumatik tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai otot buatan, karena ada lebih dari satu komponen yang terlibat dalam aktuasi. Karena fleksibilitas tinggi, fleksibilitas dan rasio tenaga-ke-berat dibandingkan dengan aktuator kaku tradisional, otot buatan memiliki potensi untuk menjadi sangat mengganggu. Meskipun saat ini digunakan secara terbatas, teknologi ini mungkin memiliki aplikasi masa depan yang luas di industri, kedokteran, robotika, dan banyak bidang lainnya. 人造肌肉是一种通用术语，指的是用于模仿天然肌肉的致动器、材料或装置，人造肌肉可以感受外部刺激（例如电压，电流，压力或温度）而在一个部件内可逆地收缩、膨胀或旋转。 三个基本的致动响应类型（收缩、膨胀和旋转）可以在单个部件内组合在一起以产生其他类型的运动，例如，人造肌肉可以通过收缩材料的一侧而扩展另一侧。传统的马达和气动线性元件或旋转致动器并不能被称为人造肌肉，这是因为在上述机械的致动中涉及了多于一个的部件。 与传统的刚性执行器相比，人造肌肉有着高灵活性和多功能性，这使得它有可能成为一种重要的新兴技术 。虽然目前人造肌肉使用有限，但该技术在工业，医学，机器人和许多其他领域中具有广泛的潜在应用。

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