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Douane 海关 Tullmyndighet Aduana Celní správa Таможня Customs 세관 Pabean Митниця Zoll (Behörde) Τελωνειακή υπηρεσία Dogana Douane Alfândega جمرك Duana Aduana 税関

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La douane est une autorité étatique du Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances chargée du contrôle des frontières d'un pays, et en particulier de la régulation des personnes et marchandises qui entrent et sortent. Ses missions varient beaucoup d'un État à l'autre, mais elle est presque toujours une institution économique et financière à caractère fiscal et sécuritaire. Τελωνειακή υπηρεσία είναι η αρχή ή η κρατική υπηρεσία μίας χώρας που έχει την ευθύνη της συλλογής Δασμών και του ελέγχου της διακίνησης αγαθών, περιλαμβανομένων των ζώων, των μεταφορών, των προσωπικών ειδών και των επικινδύνων αντικειμένων, που εισάγονται ή εξάγονται από μία χώρα. Στην Ελλάδα το παραπάνω έργο έχει ανατεθεί στην Ελληνική Τελωνειακή Υπηρεσία. Η διακίνηση ανθρώπων μέσα και έξω από μία χώρα συνήθως παρακολουθείται από τις αρχές που ασχολούνται με την μετανάστευση. Alfândega (do árabe: الفندق, transl.: al-fundaq, "hospedaria", "estalagem") ou aduana (do árabe: الديوان, transl.: ad-dīwān, "registro", "escritório") é uma repartição governamental oficial de controle do movimento de entradas (importações) e saídas (exportações) de mercadorias para o exterior ou dele provenientes, responsável, inclusive, pela cobrança dos tributos pertinentes. Não se deve confundir alfândega ou aduana, responsável pelo controle do tráfego de mercadorias, com a polícia de fronteira, responsável pelo controle do tráfego de pessoas (controle migratório). Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs) and other taxes on import and export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security, and trade facilitation. Тамо́жня — государственный орган, обеспечивающий порядок перемещения через товаров и транспортных средств, вещей и иных предметов, применение и взимание таможенных платежей, производящий и . Duana (de l'àrab dīwān, "registre", "escriptori") és una oficina governamental oficial que tenen els estats per al control de moviment d'entrades i sortides de mercaderies i bens cap a l'exterior o provinents de l'exterior. En alguns estats les duanes també controlen l'entrada i sortida de persones, en d'altres ho fan altres organismes. 세관(稅關, customs)은 관세청에 소속되어 공항, 항만, 국경지대의 관할구역에 설치되어 여행자의 소지품과 수출입 화물에 관세를 징세함과 동시에, 밀무역, 밀수를 단속, 감시하는 관청이다. 국세는 국세청에 소속된 세무서에서 징세하여 세관의 관할이 아니다. 모든 기초자치단체별로 설치되어 관내에서 국세를 징세하는 세무서하고는 달리 세관은 국경을 접하여 외국하고 무역 따위를 하거나 외국의 항공기, 선박이 드나드는 공항하고 항만이 위치한 행정구역에 한해서만 설치되어 있다. 세관은 징세뿐만 아니라 감시역할도 수행한다. De douane is een overheidsdienst belast met de inning van de rechten bij invoer (invoerrechten, BTW bij invoer, anti-dumpingsrechten en de handhaving van de douanewetgeving in een land). Te denken valt hierbij aan het bestrijden van smokkel. Voor de algemene situatie binnen het Douanegebied van de Unie en de Europese Vrijhandelsassociatie, zie het artikel douanetoezicht. En tullmyndighet är en offentlig myndighet med uppgift att uppbära skatter och tullavgifter som belastar varutrafiken över statsgränserna. Detta sker genom tullkontroll vid tullstationer. Tullmyndigheter har ofta också ansvar för tullövervakning mellan tullstationerna och har därvid karaktär av ordningsmakt. Under 2000-talet har olika former av integrerade gränsförvaltningar tillkommit i flera länder. Myndigheter som utför uppgifter avseende både polisiär gränsbevakning som tullkontroll och tullövervakning. Ми́тниця — це система органів публічної влади країни, що забезпечує стягнення митних платежів та контроль над перевезенням предметів, у тому числі товарів, тварин та небезпечних предметів, через її кордон. Діяльність митниці — митна справа. Організаційну структуру, задачі та функції митних органів визначає митна політика держави. Майже всі митні адміністрації (центральні митні органи) світу є членами Всесвітньої митної організації. Aduana inportatu eta esportatu egiten diren salgaien kontrola egiteko estatu bakoitzak muga, kostalde eta aireportuetan jarritako bulego publiko bat da, salgai horiei esleitu beharreko zerga kobratzeko. Salgaiez gainera, pertsona eta kapital mugimenduen kontrola ere egiten du. 海关是一个负责征收及保护关税，管制包括动物、植物、财物和危险品出入境物流，对出入境人员进行检疫的政府机关。根据当地的法律规定，某些货物的进出口可能会受到限制或禁止，报关代理执行这些法规。在大多数国家，海关都获得了政府的授权和国际法的许可。 海关关税是货物入境（常见）或出境（不常见）时收的费或税。在英国，关税是国王衡常收入中具有代表性的部分，因此不像消费税、和其他类型的税收那样，需要议会同意才能征收。 尚未清关的商品被监存于通常被称为保稅倉庫的关税区内，直至完成清关手续。所有授权口岸被确认为关税区。 关境与一国的国境可能相同也可能不同，如欧洲联盟的关境就是整个欧盟的边境。 在亞洲地區，不少人经常会将海关与边检（出入境管理部門）或集中海关、边检及检验检疫的口岸混为一谈，誤將出入境檢查旅客證件並為證件蓋出入境章或掃描電腦標籤的地方當成海關，但實際上負責檢查行李是否攜帶受管制物品或應課稅物品的單位才是海關。 日本稱海關為「稅關」，是借用中國明清時期稅關的稱呼；現代漢語「海關」一詞則源於清代在沿海通商口岸設置的粵海關、閩海關、浙海關、江海關等稅關。 税関（ぜいかん、英: Customs）は、関税及び内国消費税等の徴収、輸出入貨物の通関、密輸の取締り、保税制度の運営などを主たる目的・業務とする国の行政機関である。 La aduana es una oficina pública gubernamental, aparte de ser una constitución fiscal, situada en puntos estratégicos. Estos puntos estratégicos son, por lo general, costas, fronteras, terminales internacionales de transporte de mercancía como aeropuertos o terminales ferroviarios. Esta oficina está encargada de controlar las operaciones de comercio exterior, con el objetivo de registrar el tráfico internacional de mercancías que se importen y exporten desde un país extranjero y cobrar los impuestos establecidos por ley.​ Se podría afirmar que las aduanas fueron creadas para recaudar dicho tributo, y por otro lado regular mercancías que por su naturaleza pueden afectar la producción nacional, la salud pública, la paz o la seguridad de una nación.​ Zollverwaltung, häufig auch der Zoll (französisch douane), ist eine umfassende Bezeichnung für eine oder mehrere (zumeist nationale) Behörden, die im Rahmen des Zollrechts ihre primären Aufgaben aus der Erhebung von Zoll- und Steuerabgaben sowie der Überwachung des grenzüberschreitenden Warenverkehrs beziehen. Daneben können je nach Staat besondere Aufgaben hinzukommen, beispielsweise in Deutschland und Österreich Bekämpfung der Schwarzarbeit, in Italien Aufgaben des allgemeinen Grenzschutzes oder in der Schweiz die Erhebung der Lenkungsabgaben, zum Beispiel auf flüchtige organische Verbindungen. Pabean (bahasa Inggris: Customs) adalah instansi (jawatan, kantor) yang mengawasi, memungut, dan mengurus bea masuk (impor) dan bea keluar (ekspor), baik melalui darat, laut, maupun melalui udara. Di Indonesia, instansi yang menjalankan tugas-tugas ini adalah Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai sebagai unsur pelaksana tugas pokok dan fungsi Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia di bidang kepabeanan dan cukai. Kepabeanan sendiri berarti segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan pengawasan atas lalu lintas barang yang masuk atau keluar daerah pabean serta pemungutan bea masuk dan bea keluar. La dogana, o ufficio doganale, è un organismo di natura pubblica preposto al controllo dell'entrata e dell'uscita delle merci dal territorio di uno Stato (attraverso il confine di Stato), sia che si tratti di materiali a seguito dei viaggiatori sia di trasporto di merci. الجُمْرُك (ج جمارك) (بالتركية: Gümrük)‏ أو الديوانة (بالفرنسية: Douane)‏ أو المَكْس (ج مُكُوس) هي مصلحة ذات طابع اقتصادي وأمني مكلفة بمراقبة المبادلات التجارية على الحدود وجباية الضرائب على الواردات. تباشر الجمارك دورا مهما في دعم الاقتصاد المحلي، من حيث جذب المستثمرين وحماية المنتج المحلي والتصدي لعمليات التهريب، في المنافذ البرية والبحرية والجوية. وتكلف أيضا بالسهر على حماية البلاد من نقل المواد الممنوعة والضارة وبمراقبة عبور السلع والأفراد. يخضع نشاط الجمارك للقوانين والأحكام المحلية، وفي بعض الأحيان للاتفاقيات الدولية (منظمة التجارة العالمية، اتفاقيات التبادل الحر...) Celní správa je policejní orgán pro výběr cla a plní také další úkoly.

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En tullmyndighet är en offentlig myndighet med uppgift att uppbära skatter och tullavgifter som belastar varutrafiken över statsgränserna. Detta sker genom tullkontroll vid tullstationer. Tullmyndigheter har ofta också ansvar för tullövervakning mellan tullstationerna och har därvid karaktär av ordningsmakt. Under 2000-talet har olika former av integrerade gränsförvaltningar tillkommit i flera länder. Myndigheter som utför uppgifter avseende både polisiär gränsbevakning som tullkontroll och tullövervakning. Exempel på tullmyndigheter i olika länder är i Tyskland, Tullverket i Finland, i Norge och Tullverket i Sverige. 税関（ぜいかん、英: Customs）は、関税及び内国消費税等の徴収、輸出入貨物の通関、密輸の取締り、保税制度の運営などを主たる目的・業務とする国の行政機関である。 La douane est une autorité étatique du Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances chargée du contrôle des frontières d'un pays, et en particulier de la régulation des personnes et marchandises qui entrent et sortent. Ses missions varient beaucoup d'un État à l'autre, mais elle est presque toujours une institution économique et financière à caractère fiscal et sécuritaire. Alfândega (do árabe: الفندق, transl.: al-fundaq, "hospedaria", "estalagem") ou aduana (do árabe: الديوان, transl.: ad-dīwān, "registro", "escritório") é uma repartição governamental oficial de controle do movimento de entradas (importações) e saídas (exportações) de mercadorias para o exterior ou dele provenientes, responsável, inclusive, pela cobrança dos tributos pertinentes. Não se deve confundir alfândega ou aduana, responsável pelo controle do tráfego de mercadorias, com a polícia de fronteira, responsável pelo controle do tráfego de pessoas (controle migratório). Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs) and other taxes on import and export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security, and trade facilitation. Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, enforced by their respective customs authorities; the import/export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden entirely. A wide range of penalties are faced by those who break these laws. 세관(稅關, customs)은 관세청에 소속되어 공항, 항만, 국경지대의 관할구역에 설치되어 여행자의 소지품과 수출입 화물에 관세를 징세함과 동시에, 밀무역, 밀수를 단속, 감시하는 관청이다. 국세는 국세청에 소속된 세무서에서 징세하여 세관의 관할이 아니다. 모든 기초자치단체별로 설치되어 관내에서 국세를 징세하는 세무서하고는 달리 세관은 국경을 접하여 외국하고 무역 따위를 하거나 외국의 항공기, 선박이 드나드는 공항하고 항만이 위치한 행정구역에 한해서만 설치되어 있다. 세관은 징세뿐만 아니라 감시역할도 수행한다. 海关是一个负责征收及保护关税，管制包括动物、植物、财物和危险品出入境物流，对出入境人员进行检疫的政府机关。根据当地的法律规定，某些货物的进出口可能会受到限制或禁止，报关代理执行这些法规。在大多数国家，海关都获得了政府的授权和国际法的许可。 海关关税是货物入境（常见）或出境（不常见）时收的费或税。在英国，关税是国王衡常收入中具有代表性的部分，因此不像消费税、和其他类型的税收那样，需要议会同意才能征收。 尚未清关的商品被监存于通常被称为保稅倉庫的关税区内，直至完成清关手续。所有授权口岸被确认为关税区。 关境与一国的国境可能相同也可能不同，如欧洲联盟的关境就是整个欧盟的边境。 在亞洲地區，不少人经常会将海关与边检（出入境管理部門）或集中海关、边检及检验检疫的口岸混为一谈，誤將出入境檢查旅客證件並為證件蓋出入境章或掃描電腦標籤的地方當成海關，但實際上負責檢查行李是否攜帶受管制物品或應課稅物品的單位才是海關。 注意海关（負責貨品查驗）不同于出入境管理部门（負責自然人檢查）。如中華民國內政部移民署、中華人民共和國國家移民管理局（中國大陸）、香港入境事務處、澳門治安警察局出入境管制廳和馬來西亞移民局等，属于出入境管理部门，通常屬於政府的內政、警察、安全或法務部門，负责监视出入境的个人，检查旅客旅行相关證件，逮捕国际通缉令追缉中的，以及阻止被视为危险人物的个人进入境內。但中国大陆的國家移民管理局（中国边检）亦会根据法律规定检查入境人员携带的物品。而海关仅检查出入境人員的物品，不对旅客及其旅行文件进行检查，如中華民國財政部關務署、中華人民共和國海關總署、香港海關、澳門海關和馬來西亞皇家關稅局等。部份國家如新加坡將出入境和海關兩種單位合併在移民與關卡局、美國則併為海關及邊境保衛局，但入出境和海關仍是由不同的承辦人員負責。 日本稱海關為「稅關」，是借用中國明清時期稅關的稱呼；現代漢語「海關」一詞則源於清代在沿海通商口岸設置的粵海關、閩海關、浙海關、江海關等稅關。 Тамо́жня — государственный орган, обеспечивающий порядок перемещения через товаров и транспортных средств, вещей и иных предметов, применение и взимание таможенных платежей, производящий и . Duana (de l'àrab dīwān, "registre", "escriptori") és una oficina governamental oficial que tenen els estats per al control de moviment d'entrades i sortides de mercaderies i bens cap a l'exterior o provinents de l'exterior. En alguns estats les duanes també controlen l'entrada i sortida de persones, en d'altres ho fan altres organismes. De douane is een overheidsdienst belast met de inning van de rechten bij invoer (invoerrechten, BTW bij invoer, anti-dumpingsrechten en de handhaving van de douanewetgeving in een land). Te denken valt hierbij aan het bestrijden van smokkel. De taken en bevoegdheden van een douanedienst zijn verschillend per land. In sommige landen heeft de douane ook de grensbewaking tot taak of heeft de douane politiebevoegdheden. In andere landen is het een gespecialiseerd onderdeel van de belastingdienst en houdt zij zich enkel bezig met economische delicten en het innen van verschuldigde rechten, accijnzen en belastingen. Voor de algemene situatie binnen het Douanegebied van de Unie en de Europese Vrijhandelsassociatie, zie het artikel douanetoezicht. Τελωνειακή υπηρεσία είναι η αρχή ή η κρατική υπηρεσία μίας χώρας που έχει την ευθύνη της συλλογής Δασμών και του ελέγχου της διακίνησης αγαθών, περιλαμβανομένων των ζώων, των μεταφορών, των προσωπικών ειδών και των επικινδύνων αντικειμένων, που εισάγονται ή εξάγονται από μία χώρα. Στην Ελλάδα το παραπάνω έργο έχει ανατεθεί στην Ελληνική Τελωνειακή Υπηρεσία. Η διακίνηση ανθρώπων μέσα και έξω από μία χώρα συνήθως παρακολουθείται από τις αρχές που ασχολούνται με την μετανάστευση. Κάθε χώρα έχει τους νόμους και τους κανονισμούς της για το διεθνές εμπόριο αγαθών, που εφαρμόζουν και επιβάλλουν οι τελωνειακές αρχές της. Η εισαγωγή ή εξαγωγή κάποιων αγαθών μπορεί να απαγορεύεται. Στις περισσότερες χώρες, το έργο των τελωνειακών υπηρεσιών επιτυγχάνεται και μέσω διακυβερνητικών συμφωνιών και διεθνών νόμων. Τα τελωνειακά δικαιώματα είναι οι Δασμοί οι φόροι και οι λοιπές επιβαρύνσεις επί των εισαγωγών και εξαγωγών αγαθών. Τα υποκείμενα είδη πριν τελωνιστούν φυλάσσονται σε τελωνειακό έδαφος ή υπό τελωνειακή επιτήρηση σε φορολογικές αποθήκες. الجُمْرُك (ج جمارك) (بالتركية: Gümrük)‏ أو الديوانة (بالفرنسية: Douane)‏ أو المَكْس (ج مُكُوس) هي مصلحة ذات طابع اقتصادي وأمني مكلفة بمراقبة المبادلات التجارية على الحدود وجباية الضرائب على الواردات. تباشر الجمارك دورا مهما في دعم الاقتصاد المحلي، من حيث جذب المستثمرين وحماية المنتج المحلي والتصدي لعمليات التهريب، في المنافذ البرية والبحرية والجوية. وتكلف أيضا بالسهر على حماية البلاد من نقل المواد الممنوعة والضارة وبمراقبة عبور السلع والأفراد. يخضع نشاط الجمارك للقوانين والأحكام المحلية، وفي بعض الأحيان للاتفاقيات الدولية (منظمة التجارة العالمية، اتفاقيات التبادل الحر...) Ми́тниця — це система органів публічної влади країни, що забезпечує стягнення митних платежів та контроль над перевезенням предметів, у тому числі товарів, тварин та небезпечних предметів, через її кордон. Діяльність митниці — митна справа. Організаційну структуру, задачі та функції митних органів визначає митна політика держави. Майже всі митні адміністрації (центральні митні органи) світу є членами Всесвітньої митної організації. La dogana, o ufficio doganale, è un organismo di natura pubblica preposto al controllo dell'entrata e dell'uscita delle merci dal territorio di uno Stato (attraverso il confine di Stato), sia che si tratti di materiali a seguito dei viaggiatori sia di trasporto di merci. Pabean (bahasa Inggris: Customs) adalah instansi (jawatan, kantor) yang mengawasi, memungut, dan mengurus bea masuk (impor) dan bea keluar (ekspor), baik melalui darat, laut, maupun melalui udara. Di Indonesia, instansi yang menjalankan tugas-tugas ini adalah Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai sebagai unsur pelaksana tugas pokok dan fungsi Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia di bidang kepabeanan dan cukai. Kepabeanan sendiri berarti segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan pengawasan atas lalu lintas barang yang masuk atau keluar daerah pabean serta pemungutan bea masuk dan bea keluar. Zollverwaltung, häufig auch der Zoll (französisch douane), ist eine umfassende Bezeichnung für eine oder mehrere (zumeist nationale) Behörden, die im Rahmen des Zollrechts ihre primären Aufgaben aus der Erhebung von Zoll- und Steuerabgaben sowie der Überwachung des grenzüberschreitenden Warenverkehrs beziehen. Daneben können je nach Staat besondere Aufgaben hinzukommen, beispielsweise in Deutschland und Österreich Bekämpfung der Schwarzarbeit, in Italien Aufgaben des allgemeinen Grenzschutzes oder in der Schweiz die Erhebung der Lenkungsabgaben, zum Beispiel auf flüchtige organische Verbindungen. La aduana es una oficina pública gubernamental, aparte de ser una constitución fiscal, situada en puntos estratégicos. Estos puntos estratégicos son, por lo general, costas, fronteras, terminales internacionales de transporte de mercancía como aeropuertos o terminales ferroviarios. Esta oficina está encargada de controlar las operaciones de comercio exterior, con el objetivo de registrar el tráfico internacional de mercancías que se importen y exporten desde un país extranjero y cobrar los impuestos establecidos por ley.​ Se podría afirmar que las aduanas fueron creadas para recaudar dicho tributo, y por otro lado regular mercancías que por su naturaleza pueden afectar la producción nacional, la salud pública, la paz o la seguridad de una nación.​ Asimismo, en determinados países la aduana no solo se limita al control de las mercancías, sino que en ella también se regula el tráfico de personas o bien al control de capitales. Celní správa je policejní orgán pro výběr cla a plní také další úkoly. Aduana inportatu eta esportatu egiten diren salgaien kontrola egiteko estatu bakoitzak muga, kostalde eta aireportuetan jarritako bulego publiko bat da, salgai horiei esleitu beharreko zerga kobratzeko. Salgaiez gainera, pertsona eta kapital mugimenduen kontrola ere egiten du.

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Predicted US customs revenue

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Predicted revenue

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