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Nazionalismo palestinese Palestinian nationalism 巴勒斯坦民族主義 Nacionalisme palestí قومية فلسطينية Nacionalismo palestino Nasionalisme Palestina Nationalisme palestinien

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Le nationalisme palestinien est une idéologie nationaliste qui appelle à la formation et l'indépendance d'un État palestinien. Le nationalisme palestinien naît à la fin du XIXe siècle quand la Palestine est sous contrôle ottoman. Il s'intègre au mouvement d'émancipation nationaliste pan-arabe. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, il demande le rattachement de la Palestine mandataire au Royaume de Syrie dans le contexte de la création d'une Grande Syrie. Mais après la conquête du royaume par les Français et l'échec des aspirations du Roi Fayçal, il se cristallise autour de l'indépendance de la Palestine passée entretemps sous contrôle britannique et également objet des revendications du mouvement sioniste. El nacionalismo palestino es el movimiento de liberación nacional del pueblo palestino. Surgió a partir del panarabismo y del rechazo hacia el colonialismo, el sionismo y el imperialismo, así mismo hunde sus raíces en todos aquellos movimientos que reclamaban la independencia y la liberación nacional.​Sin embargo, a diferencia del panarabismo en general, el nacionalismo palestino ha dado una mayor importancia al autogobierno palestino y ha rechazado a lo largo de su historia el gobierno externo de otros países árabes, como es el caso de Egipto en la Franja de Gaza, y el de Jordania en la Cisjordania ocupada. 巴勒斯坦民族主义是巴勒斯坦人中持有的一種民族主義立場，支持這一立場的人支持巴勒斯坦地区的民族自決和巴勒斯坦建國。 一開始一些巴勒斯坦人反对犹太复国主义， 很多巴勒斯坦人認為第三次中东战争時以色列非法佔領了不少巴勒斯坦领土，並且以色列对加沙地带和約旦河西岸地區一些地方的佔領也是非法的。 Il nazionalismo palestinese è un'ideologia nazionalista che rivendica la creazione di uno stato palestinese in tutto o in parte dell'ex Mandato britannico della Palestina. Palestinian nationalism is the national movement of the Palestinian people that espouses self-determination and sovereignty over the region of Palestine. Originally formed in opposition to Zionism, Palestinian nationalism later internationalized and attached itself to other ideologies; it has thus rejected the occupation of the Palestinian territories by the government of Israel since the 1967 Six-Day War, and the preceding non-domestic Arab occupations over the Gaza Strip (by Egypt) and the West Bank (by Jordan) additionally had opposition. Palestinian nationalists often drawn upon broader political traditions in their ideology, examples being Arab socialism and ethnic nationalism in the context of Muslim religious nationalism. Related beliefs have shaped the government of Palestine and c El nacionalisme palestí és el moviment nacionalista del poble palestí. Té les seves arrels en el panarabisme, el rebuig al colonialisme i en moviments que reclamaven la independència nacional. A diferència del panarabisme en general, el nacionalisme palestí ha donat major importància a l'autogovern palestí i ha rebutjat al llarg de la seva història el govern extern de països àrabs com Egipte a la Franja de Gaza, i Jordània a Cisjordània. Nasionalisme Palestina adalah gerakan kebangsaan bangsa Palestina. Nasionalisme ini berawal dari kemunculan gerakan pembebasan nasional pada abad ke-19 dan 20 yang menuntut penolakan kolonialisme dan kemerdekaan nasional. Berbeda dengan pan-Arabisme, nasionalisme Palestina lebih mengutamakan Palestina dan menolak pendudukan wilayah Palestina oleh Israel serta penguasaan Jalur Gaza oleh Mesir dan Tepi Barat oleh Yordania (keduanya tergolong bangsa Arab non-domestik). الوطنية الفلسطينية هي الحركة الوطنية للشعب الفلسطيني من أجل تحقيق مبدأ تقرير المصير والسيادة على أرض فلسطين. وقد تشكلت هذه الحركة في الأساس لتطلق زمام المعارضة ضد الصهيونية. أصبحت هذه الحركة فيما بعد ركيزة جوهرية في مناهضة النزاعات القومية العربية. وهكذا فقد رفضت الاحتلال التاريخي للأراضي الفلسطينية من قبل إسرائيل والسيادة العربية غير المحلية من قبل مصر على قطاع غزة والأردن على الضفة الغربية. على عكس الأطروحات الحالية التي تقتصر على كون فلسطين هي إسرائيل والضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة فقط فقد اقترح في الفترة ما بين 1969 و1972 من قبل منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية مرارا وتكرارا فكرة ضم الأردن إلى الدولة الفلسطينية المستقبلية كجزء من رؤيتها نحو إقامة فلسطين كبرى.

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Nasionalisme Palestina adalah gerakan kebangsaan bangsa Palestina. Nasionalisme ini berawal dari kemunculan gerakan pembebasan nasional pada abad ke-19 dan 20 yang menuntut penolakan kolonialisme dan kemerdekaan nasional. Berbeda dengan pan-Arabisme, nasionalisme Palestina lebih mengutamakan Palestina dan menolak pendudukan wilayah Palestina oleh Israel serta penguasaan Jalur Gaza oleh Mesir dan Tepi Barat oleh Yordania (keduanya tergolong bangsa Arab non-domestik). الوطنية الفلسطينية هي الحركة الوطنية للشعب الفلسطيني من أجل تحقيق مبدأ تقرير المصير والسيادة على أرض فلسطين. وقد تشكلت هذه الحركة في الأساس لتطلق زمام المعارضة ضد الصهيونية. أصبحت هذه الحركة فيما بعد ركيزة جوهرية في مناهضة النزاعات القومية العربية. وهكذا فقد رفضت الاحتلال التاريخي للأراضي الفلسطينية من قبل إسرائيل والسيادة العربية غير المحلية من قبل مصر على قطاع غزة والأردن على الضفة الغربية. على عكس الأطروحات الحالية التي تقتصر على كون فلسطين هي إسرائيل والضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة فقط فقد اقترح في الفترة ما بين 1969 و1972 من قبل منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية مرارا وتكرارا فكرة ضم الأردن إلى الدولة الفلسطينية المستقبلية كجزء من رؤيتها نحو إقامة فلسطين كبرى. Le nationalisme palestinien est une idéologie nationaliste qui appelle à la formation et l'indépendance d'un État palestinien. Le nationalisme palestinien naît à la fin du XIXe siècle quand la Palestine est sous contrôle ottoman. Il s'intègre au mouvement d'émancipation nationaliste pan-arabe. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, il demande le rattachement de la Palestine mandataire au Royaume de Syrie dans le contexte de la création d'une Grande Syrie. Mais après la conquête du royaume par les Français et l'échec des aspirations du Roi Fayçal, il se cristallise autour de l'indépendance de la Palestine passée entretemps sous contrôle britannique et également objet des revendications du mouvement sioniste. Dès 1920, Mohammed Amin al-Husseini, devient l'un des principaux leaders du nationalisme palestinien avec pour but la création d'un État arabe palestinien indépendant. Il s'oppose activement au sionisme et est considéré comme l'instigateur de 1921 à 1937 de certaines des émeutes violentes en réaction au projet de l’établissement d'un « Foyer juif » en Palestine dont le massacre d'Hébron en 1929. Des émeutes arabes se propagent contre plusieurs agglomérations juives, les plus meurtrières éclatent à Jérusalem en 1920 et à Jaffa en 1921 ce qui amène à limiter les dispositions de la déclaration Balfour sur l'immigration juive, afin d'apaiser la population arabe. Elles sont ensuite suspendues par Herbert Samuel, le Haut-Commissaire britannique en Palestine qui décrète l’état d'urgence, et nomme Mohammed Amin al-Husseini Grand mufti de Jérusalem. Entre 1936 et 1939, la population arabe palestinienne entre en rébellion contre les autorités britanniques et en conflit avec la communauté juive lors de la Grande Révolte arabe de Palestine qui se solde par plus de 5 000 morts côté arabe[réf. nécessaire] mais la promesse d'une indépendance dans les 10 ans et la restriction de l'immigration juive. C'est au tour des Juifs d'entrer en rébellion. Le conflit entre les deux nationalismes s'accentue. Le rejet arabe du plan de partage mène à la guerre de Palestine de 1948 qui se solde par un nouvel échec des aspirations nationalistes palestiniennes avec la naissance de l'État d'Israël, l'annexion et l'occupation du reste de la Palestine par la Transjordanie et l'Égypte ainsi que l'exode de la population palestinienne. Le mouvement subit un choc supplémentaire après 1967 quand les Israéliens prennent le contrôle de l'ensemble de la Palestine ex-mandataire après la guerre des Six Jours. C'est à cette époque que naît l'Organisation de libération de la Palestine (OLP) de Yasser Arafat qui prône la violence armée pour atteindre ses objectifs contre Israël. Entre la fin des années 1980 et le début des années 2000, la population des territoires palestiniens occupés se révolte au cours de deux intifadas. Ces dernières permettent le lancement de négociations visant à résoudre le conflit israélo-palestinien mais qui échouent. Parralèlemennt, des groupes armés palestiniens organisent des attentats contre la population israélienne. Après la mort de Yasser Arafat, les divisions palestiniennes s'accentuent. Le Hamas, issu d'une organisation islamiste des années 1980, prend le contrôle de la Bande de Gaza et continue d'entretenir un conflit avec Israël, qui organise alors le blocus de la bande. Le nouveau président palestinien, Mahmoud Abbas reste en continuité avec la voie diplomatique empruntée depuis les années 1980 par Yasser Arafat et recherche un soutien international dans les revendications palestiniennes, tandis qu'Israël continue l'expansion de ses colonies en Cisjordanie et à Jérusalem-Est. Le 29 novembre 2012, l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies acte la reconnaissance internationale de l'État de Palestine en lui donnant le statut d'« État observateur non membre » de l'ONU. Palestinian nationalism is the national movement of the Palestinian people that espouses self-determination and sovereignty over the region of Palestine. Originally formed in opposition to Zionism, Palestinian nationalism later internationalized and attached itself to other ideologies; it has thus rejected the occupation of the Palestinian territories by the government of Israel since the 1967 Six-Day War, and the preceding non-domestic Arab occupations over the Gaza Strip (by Egypt) and the West Bank (by Jordan) additionally had opposition. Palestinian nationalists often drawn upon broader political traditions in their ideology, examples being Arab socialism and ethnic nationalism in the context of Muslim religious nationalism. Related beliefs have shaped the government of Palestine and continue to do so. In the broader context of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the 21st century, Palestinan nationalist demands have included an end to the refugee status of individuals separated from their native lands during the 1948 Palestinian exodus, advocates stating that a "right of return" exists either to the occupied terrtiories or to both those areas plus places within Israel itself. Nationalists have additionally worked to advance specific causes in terms of current residents' lives such as freedom of assembly, labor rights, the right to health care, and the right to travel. Divisions between nationalists frequently stir up tense standoffs over particular ideological goals, an example being the gulf between Islamist Palestinians favoring a more authoritarian state compared to centrist and secular peoples supporting democratic self-determination. Palestianians favoring nonviolence also frequently clash with ultranationalists who advocate for and engage in political violence both inside and outside Israel. El nacionalisme palestí és el moviment nacionalista del poble palestí. Té les seves arrels en el panarabisme, el rebuig al colonialisme i en moviments que reclamaven la independència nacional. A diferència del panarabisme en general, el nacionalisme palestí ha donat major importància a l'autogovern palestí i ha rebutjat al llarg de la seva història el govern extern de països àrabs com Egipte a la Franja de Gaza, i Jordània a Cisjordània. 巴勒斯坦民族主义是巴勒斯坦人中持有的一種民族主義立場，支持這一立場的人支持巴勒斯坦地区的民族自決和巴勒斯坦建國。 一開始一些巴勒斯坦人反对犹太复国主义， 很多巴勒斯坦人認為第三次中东战争時以色列非法佔領了不少巴勒斯坦领土，並且以色列对加沙地带和約旦河西岸地區一些地方的佔領也是非法的。 Il nazionalismo palestinese è un'ideologia nazionalista che rivendica la creazione di uno stato palestinese in tutto o in parte dell'ex Mandato britannico della Palestina. El nacionalismo palestino es el movimiento de liberación nacional del pueblo palestino. Surgió a partir del panarabismo y del rechazo hacia el colonialismo, el sionismo y el imperialismo, así mismo hunde sus raíces en todos aquellos movimientos que reclamaban la independencia y la liberación nacional.​Sin embargo, a diferencia del panarabismo en general, el nacionalismo palestino ha dado una mayor importancia al autogobierno palestino y ha rechazado a lo largo de su historia el gobierno externo de otros países árabes, como es el caso de Egipto en la Franja de Gaza, y el de Jordania en la Cisjordania ocupada.

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