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dbr:Solvent

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dbr:Substance dbo:ChemicalCompound dbo:ChemicalSubstance owl:Thing

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Lösningsmedel Solvant Rozpuszczalnik 溶剂 溶媒 Solvente Disolbatzaile Solvente Розчинник Pelarut dalam reaksi kimia Disolvente Rozpouštědlo Solvanto Διαλύτης Растворитель Oplosmiddel Solvent Lösungsmittel Pelarut مذيب Dissolvent 용매 Tuaslagóir

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A solvent (s) (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for polar molecules and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell. المذيب أو المُحِلّ هو سائل أو غاز يذيب المذابات الصلبة أو السائلة أو الغازية والذي ينتج عنه محلول. يعتبر الماء أكثر المذيبات شيوعا في الحياة اليومية. ومعظم المذيبات الأخرى شائعة الاستخدام هي مواد كيميائية عضوية (أي تحتوي على الكربون والهيدروجين)، وتسمى هذه المذيبات بالمذيبات العضوية. تتصف المذيبات عموما بنقطة غليان منخفضة وتتبخر بسهولة أو يمكن عزلها بالتقطير، تاركة ورائها المواد المذابة. أما المذاب فتكون نسبته عادة قليلة في المحلول، مثل محلول الملح، حيث يمثل الملح مادة المذاب والماء هو المذيب. من المذيبات العضوية الهيكسان، دوديكان، ترايديكان، بنزين (حلقة). 溶媒（ようばい、英: solvent）は、他の物質を溶かす物質の呼称。 工業分野では溶剤（ようざい）と呼ばれることも多い。 Un solvant est une substance, liquide ou supercritique à sa température d'utilisation, qui a la propriété de dissoudre, de diluer ou d'extraire d’autres substances sans les modifier chimiquement et sans lui-même se modifier. Les solvants sont utilisés dans des secteurs très diversifiés tels que le dégraissage, les peintures, les encres, la détergence, la synthèse organique, et représentent des quantités considérables en termes de tonnage et de chiffre d'affaires. L'eau est le solvant le plus courant, la solution étant alors qualifiée de solution aqueuse. Растворитель — вещество, способное растворять другие твёрдые, жидкие или газообразные вещества, не изменяя их химически. Как правило, при атмосферном давлении и комнатной температуре растворитель является жидким веществом. Соответственно, в растворах, представляющих собой смеси жидкого и твёрдого либо жидкого и газообразного вещества, растворителем считается жидкий компонент. В смесях жидких веществ растворителем считается тот компонент, который присутствует в значительно большем количестве, либо произвольным образом. Oplosmiddel of solvent (Engels) is een stof waarin andere materialen opgelost kunnen worden. In het huishoudelijk gebruik komen veel producten voor waarin oplosmiddelen zijn verwerkt. Oplosmiddelen worden bijvoorbeeld gebruikt voor het oplossen van vaste stoffen (jodium, zout, pijnstillers), het vloeibaar houden van anders harde substanties (drukinkt, schoensmeer, lijm) en het verspreiden van geuren (aftershave, luchtverfrisser, toiletblok). Vluchtige oplosmiddelen kunnen gebruikt worden in producten waarbij snelle droging door middel van verdamping gewenst is (verf). Ο διαλύτης είναι ουσία, πολική ή μη πολική, η οποία διαλύει άλλη ουσία (ονομαζόμενη διαλυόμενη), χημικώ; διαφορετικό υγρό, στερεό ή αέριο, με αποτέλεσμα να παράγεται ένα διάλυμα. Ο διαλύτης είναι συνήθως υγρό, αλλά μπορεί να είναι επίσης στερεό ή αέριο. Η μέγιστη ποσότητα διαλυμένης ουσίας που μπορεί να διαλυθεί σε συγκεκριμένο όγκο του διαλύτη ποικίλλει τόσο με τη θερμοκρασία όσο με τη δυνατότητα του εν λόγω διαλύτη. Ο κυριότερος διαλύτης είναι το νερό. Συνηθισμένες χρήσεις για οργανικούς διαλύτες είναι στον (π.χ., ), ως (π.χ., τολουόλιο, νέφτι), ως αφαιρετικά βερνικιών νυχιών και διαλύτες κόλλας (ακετόνη ή προπανόνη, αιθανικός μεθυλεστέρας, αιθανικός αιθυλεστέρας), σε αφαίρεση λεκέδων (π.χ., εξάνιο, πετρελαϊκός αιθέρας), σε απορρυπαντικά και σε αρώματα (αιθανόλης). An phríomhchuid de thuaslagán. Go minic luaitear uisce mar thuaslagóir uilíoch, ach luaitear an téarma céanna maidir le hábhair orgánacha sho-ghalaithe, cosúil le haicéatón is aicéatáit eitile, a úsáidtear i bpéinteanna is greamacháin. Розчи́нник — індивідуальна хімічна сполука або суміш, здатна розчиняти різні речовини, тобто утворювати з ними однорідні системи змінного складу, що складаються з двох або більшого числа компонентів — розчини. La solvanto aŭ solvilo estas substanco kiu solvas alian kemie malsaman likvan, solidan aŭ gasan substancon formante solvaĵon. Kutime la solvanto estas la komponanto ĉeestante en la solvaĵo en pli granda kvanto. La solvantoj estas kutime likvaj sed ankaŭ povas esti solidaj aŭ gasaj. Ekzemple en la reservujo de hidrogeno por veturiloj funkciantaj per fuelpilo, la gasa hidrogeno estas solvita en solida kristala materialo (MOF). La kvanto da substanco kiu povas esti solvita en specifa volumo de solvanto varias kun la temperaturo. Disolbatzailea solutu bat disolbatzeko gai den substantzia da. Disoluzio batean kantitate handienean dagoen osagaia izan ohi da, gehienetan likidoa. Disolbatzaileak disoluzioaren egoera fisikoa ezartzen du, horregatik, disoluzioaren egoera fisiko berean dagoen osagaia dela esaten da. Disolbatzaile unibertsala ura da. Rozpouštědlo (solvent z latinského solvō - uvolnit, rozvázat, vyřešit) je označení pro látku se schopností rozpouštět ostatní látky za vzniku homogenní směsi – roztoku. Rozpouštědlo je schopné rovnoměrně v sobě rozptýlit či dokonce disociovat částice jiných látek. Nejčastěji je to kapalina schopná rozpouštět plyny, kapaliny nebo pevné látky, aniž by s nimi chemicky reagovala. Ve směsi je zpravidla v nadbytku. Un solvente è un liquido che scioglie un soluto solido, liquido o gassoso, dando luogo a una soluzione. È il componente di una soluzione che si presenta nello stesso stato di aggregazione della soluzione stessa. Il solvente più comune è l'acqua. Il solvente è quella sostanza presente in maggior quantità in una soluzione. Solvente (do latim: solvō, "soltar, desatar, resolver"), dissolvente ou dispersante são uma substância que dissolve um soluto (um líquido quimicamente distinto, sólido ou gasoso), resultando em uma solução. São geralmente líquidos, mas também podem ser um sólido, um gás ou um fluido supercrítico. A quantidade de soluto que pode se dissolver em um volume específico de solvente varia com a temperatura. O uso mais comum para solventes orgânicos é em limpeza a seco (tetracloroetileno), como diluentes de tinta (como tolueno, terebintina), como removedores de esmalte de unha e solventes de cola (acetona, acetato de metila, acetato de etila), em removedores de manchas (por exemplo, hexano, éter de petróleo), em detergentes (terpenos cítricos) e em perfumes (etanol). A água é um solvente para molé Rozpuszczalnik − ciecz zdolna do tworzenia roztworu po zmieszaniu z ciałem stałym, inną cieczą lub gazem. Najbardziej znanym rozpuszczalnikiem jest woda. Większość rozpuszczalników to związki chemiczne o małej lepkości i stosunkowo niskiej temperaturze wrzenia. Mała lepkość powoduje, że mogą one dość łatwo penetrować rozpuszczaną substancję, zaś niska temperatura wrzenia umożliwia ich oddestylowywanie i parowanie. Ein Lösungsmittel (auch Lösemittel oder Solvens, auch Menstruum) ist ein Stoff, der Gase, Flüssigkeiten oder Feststoffe lösen und dabei verdünnen kann, ohne dass es beim Lösevorgang zu chemischen Reaktionen zwischen dem Lösungsmittel, dem zu lösenden und dem gelösten Stoff kommt. (siehe auch: Lösung (Chemie)). In der Regel werden als Lösungsmittel Flüssigkeiten wie Wasser oder flüssige organische Stoffe zum Lösen der Stoffe eingesetzt. Aber auch Feststoffe können andere Stoffe lösen, indem sie diese Stoffe aufnehmen und einlagern. Beispielsweise wird in den Wasserstofftanks von Autos, die mit Brennstoffzellen betrieben werden, gasförmiger Wasserstoff in festem Material, (genannt:Metall-organische Gerüstverbindungen, kurz MOFs) gelöst. 용매(溶媒, solvent)는 용액의 매체가 되어 용질을 녹이는 물질로, 주로 액체나 기체상을 띤다. 예를 들어 액체에 물질을 녹여 용액을 만들 때나 액체에 액체가 녹아들어가는 경우에 그 양이 많은 쪽의 액체를 용매라고 하며, 용액 중에서 용매는 용질에 비해 용액을 구성하는 비율이 높다. 액체상의 용매의 경우 공통적으로 끓는 점이 낮아 휘발성을 가지고 있는 경우가 있다. 용매는 액체상이 아닌 혼합물에서 특정 물질을 추출할 때에 사용되기도 한다. 용매가 액체 상태에 있는 경우, 용매가 어느 종류의 물질이냐에 따라 무기 용매와 유기 용매로 구분하기도 한다. 대표적인 무기 용매는 물이며, 유기 용매로는 에테르나 아세톤, 알코올 등을 들 수 있다. 대표적인 극성 용매로는 물, 에탄올, 아세톤 등이 있고, 대표적인 무극성 용매로는 사이클로헥세인 사염화탄소, 벤젠 등이 있다. Ett lösningsmedel är ofta en vätska som kan lösa upp ett fast ämne, blanda sig med en vätska eller binda en gas och därigenom bilda en homogen lösning. Även fasta ämnen kan vara ett lösningsmedel, till exempel metaller som bildar en legering. Lösningsmedlet anges som det som finns störst mängd i lösningen, exempelvis vatten i saltvatten. Un dissolvent o solvent és aquella substància que permet la dispersió d'una altra, el solut, en el seu si. Normalment el dissolvent estableix l'estat físic de la dissolució, per la qual cosa es diu que el dissolvent és el component d'una dissolució que està en el mateix estat físic que la dissolució. L'aigua és descrita moltes vegades com el solvent universal, perquè dissol a més de la meitat dels compostos coneguts. Pelarut adalah suatu zat yang melarutkan zat terlarut (cairan, padat atau gas yang berbeda secara kimiawi), menghasilkan suatu larutan. Pelarut biasanya berupa cairan tetapi juga bisa menjadi padat, gas, atau fluida superkritis. Kuantitas zat terlarut yang dapat larut dalam volume pelarut tertentu bervariasi terhadap suhu. Pelarut merupakan cairan yang mampu melarutkan zat lain yang umumnya berbentuk padatan tanpa mengalami perubahan kimia. Dalam bentuk cairan dan padatan, tiap molekul saling terikat akibat adanya gaya tarik menarik antar molekul, gaya tarik menarik tersebut akan mempengaruhi pembentukan larutan. Apabila terdapat zat terlarut dalam suatu pelarut, maka partikel zat terlarut tersebut akan menyebar ke seluruh pelarut. Hal ini menyebabkan bentuk zat terlarut menyesuaikan dengan bentuk pelarutnya. 溶剂是一种可以溶解固体，液体或气体溶质的液体，继而成为溶液。在日常生活中最普遍的溶剂是水。而所谓有机溶剂即是包含碳原子的有机化合物溶剂。溶剂通常拥有比较低的沸点和容易挥发。或是可以由蒸馏来去除，从而留下被溶物。因此，溶剂不可以对溶质产生化学反应。它们必须为低活性的。溶剂可从混合物萃取可溶化合物，最普遍的例子是以热水冲泡咖啡或茶。溶剂通常是透明，无色的液体，他们大多都有独特的气味。 溶液的浓度取决于溶解在溶剂内的物质的多少。溶解度则是溶剂在特定温度下，可以溶解最多多少物质。有机溶剂主要是用在塗料、塗料去除劑、油墨和乾洗有机溶剂特別會用于干洗（例如四氯乙烯），作（例如甲苯、香蕉水、松香水、松节油），作洗甲水或去除胶水（例如丙酮，醋酸甲酯，醋酸乙酯），除锈（例如己烷），作洗洁精（檸烯），用于香水（酒精）跟用于化学合成。 Un disolvente o solvente es una sustancia química en la que se disuelve un soluto (un sólido, líquido o gas químicamente diferente), resultando en una disolución; ​normalmente el solvente es el componente de una disolución presente en mayor cantidad. Los disolventes forman parte de múltiples aplicaciones: adhesivos, componentes en las pinturas, productos farmacéuticos, para la elaboración de materiales sintéticos, etc. El agua es habitualmente denominada el disolvente universal por la gran cantidad de sustancias sobre las que puede actuar como disolvente.

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An phríomhchuid de thuaslagán. Go minic luaitear uisce mar thuaslagóir uilíoch, ach luaitear an téarma céanna maidir le hábhair orgánacha sho-ghalaithe, cosúil le haicéatón is aicéatáit eitile, a úsáidtear i bpéinteanna is greamacháin. Disolbatzailea solutu bat disolbatzeko gai den substantzia da. Disoluzio batean kantitate handienean dagoen osagaia izan ohi da, gehienetan likidoa. Disolbatzaileak disoluzioaren egoera fisikoa ezartzen du, horregatik, disoluzioaren egoera fisiko berean dagoen osagaia dela esaten da. Disolbatzailearen molekulek solutuarenak inguratu eta elkarrekintzak izaten dituzte haiekin. Prozesu hau bezala ezagutzen da. Solutu polarrak disolbatzaile polarretan disolbatuko dira dipoloen arteko elkarrekintza elektrostatikoen eraginez. Solutu apolarrak aldiz, disolbatzaile apolarretan dipolo induzituen arteko elkarrekintzen bidez. Disolbatzaile unibertsala ura da. Un solvant est une substance, liquide ou supercritique à sa température d'utilisation, qui a la propriété de dissoudre, de diluer ou d'extraire d’autres substances sans les modifier chimiquement et sans lui-même se modifier. Les solvants sont utilisés dans des secteurs très diversifiés tels que le dégraissage, les peintures, les encres, la détergence, la synthèse organique, et représentent des quantités considérables en termes de tonnage et de chiffre d'affaires. En Suisse romande et en Belgique, on utilise le terme anglais thinner pour les solvants organiques destinés à la dilution des peintures. L'eau est le solvant le plus courant, la solution étant alors qualifiée de solution aqueuse. Rozpuszczalnik − ciecz zdolna do tworzenia roztworu po zmieszaniu z ciałem stałym, inną cieczą lub gazem. Najbardziej znanym rozpuszczalnikiem jest woda. Większość rozpuszczalników to związki chemiczne o małej lepkości i stosunkowo niskiej temperaturze wrzenia. Mała lepkość powoduje, że mogą one dość łatwo penetrować rozpuszczaną substancję, zaś niska temperatura wrzenia umożliwia ich oddestylowywanie i parowanie. Stężeniem roztworu nazywa się stosunek ilości substancji rozpuszczanej do ilości całego roztworu. W zależności od przyjętego sposobu obliczania tego stosunku rozróżnia się stężenie molowe i stężenie procentowe. Rozpuszczalność z kolei to maksymalne stężenie jakie można uzyskać rozpuszczając związek chemiczny w danym rozpuszczalniku. Un solvente è un liquido che scioglie un soluto solido, liquido o gassoso, dando luogo a una soluzione. È il componente di una soluzione che si presenta nello stesso stato di aggregazione della soluzione stessa. Il solvente più comune è l'acqua. Il solvente è quella sostanza presente in maggior quantità in una soluzione. I solventi in genere hanno un basso punto di ebollizione ed evaporano facilmente o possono essere rimossi per distillazione, lasciando ciò nonostante la sostanza disciolta intatta. I solventi non dovrebbero dunque reagire chimicamente con il soluto, ovvero devono essere chimicamente inerti. I solventi possono anche essere utilizzati per estrarre composti solubili da un miscuglio. I solventi sono solitamente liquidi chiari e incolori e spesso presentano un odore caratteristico. La concentrazione di una soluzione è l'ammontare di composto disciolto in un certo volume di solvente. La solubilità è l'ammontare massimo di composto solubile in un certo volume di solvente a data temperatura. Il termine solvente organico si riferisce ai solventi che sono composti organici. Usi comuni dei solventi organici sono il lavaggio a secco (per esempio il tetracloroetilene), la pulizia o la soluzione delle colle (es. acetone, acetato di metile, acetato di etile), la rimozione di macchie (per esempio l'esano), la diluzione di detergenti e profumi e soprattutto nelle sintesi chimiche. Rozpouštědlo (solvent z latinského solvō - uvolnit, rozvázat, vyřešit) je označení pro látku se schopností rozpouštět ostatní látky za vzniku homogenní směsi – roztoku. Rozpouštědlo je schopné rovnoměrně v sobě rozptýlit či dokonce disociovat částice jiných látek. Nejčastěji je to kapalina schopná rozpouštět plyny, kapaliny nebo pevné látky, aniž by s nimi chemicky reagovala. Ve směsi je zpravidla v nadbytku. Nejvýznamnějším rozpouštědlem je voda, která má dobré hydratační vlastnosti a silné interakce mezi molekulami - vodíkové můstky. Dále to jsou organická rozpouštědla mísitelná s vodou, organická rozpouštědla nemísitelná s vodou (nevodná rozpouštědla), směsné rozpouštědlové systémy. Ο διαλύτης είναι ουσία, πολική ή μη πολική, η οποία διαλύει άλλη ουσία (ονομαζόμενη διαλυόμενη), χημικώ; διαφορετικό υγρό, στερεό ή αέριο, με αποτέλεσμα να παράγεται ένα διάλυμα. Ο διαλύτης είναι συνήθως υγρό, αλλά μπορεί να είναι επίσης στερεό ή αέριο. Η μέγιστη ποσότητα διαλυμένης ουσίας που μπορεί να διαλυθεί σε συγκεκριμένο όγκο του διαλύτη ποικίλλει τόσο με τη θερμοκρασία όσο με τη δυνατότητα του εν λόγω διαλύτη. Ο κυριότερος διαλύτης είναι το νερό. Συνηθισμένες χρήσεις για οργανικούς διαλύτες είναι στον (π.χ., ), ως (π.χ., τολουόλιο, νέφτι), ως αφαιρετικά βερνικιών νυχιών και διαλύτες κόλλας (ακετόνη ή προπανόνη, αιθανικός μεθυλεστέρας, αιθανικός αιθυλεστέρας), σε αφαίρεση λεκέδων (π.χ., εξάνιο, πετρελαϊκός αιθέρας), σε απορρυπαντικά και σε αρώματα (αιθανόλης). Οι διαλύτες βρίσκουν ποικίλες εφαρμογές σε βιομηχανίες χημικών, φαρμακευτικών, τροφίμων, ελαίων και αερίων, χρωμάτων, συμπεριλαμβανόμενων των διεργασιών χημικών συνθέσεων και καθαρισμού. Η παγκόσμια αγορά διαλυτών αναμένεται να να αποφέρει έσοδα περίπου US$33 δισεκατομμυρίων το 2019. Η δυναμική οικονομική ανάπτυξη σε όπως Κίνα, Ινδία, Βραζιλία, ή Ρωσία θα συνεχίσει να αυξάνει την απαίτηση για διαλύτες. Οι ειδικοί αναμένουν ότι η παγκόσμια κατανάλωση διαλυτών θα αυξάνεται με ετήσιο ρυθμό 2,5% για τα επόμενα χρόνια. Συνεπώς, ο αριθμός ανάπτυξης που προβλεπόταν κατά τα τελευταία οκτώ χρόνια θα ξεπεραστεί. 溶剂是一种可以溶解固体，液体或气体溶质的液体，继而成为溶液。在日常生活中最普遍的溶剂是水。而所谓有机溶剂即是包含碳原子的有机化合物溶剂。溶剂通常拥有比较低的沸点和容易挥发。或是可以由蒸馏来去除，从而留下被溶物。因此，溶剂不可以对溶质产生化学反应。它们必须为低活性的。溶剂可从混合物萃取可溶化合物，最普遍的例子是以热水冲泡咖啡或茶。溶剂通常是透明，无色的液体，他们大多都有独特的气味。 溶液的浓度取决于溶解在溶剂内的物质的多少。溶解度则是溶剂在特定温度下，可以溶解最多多少物质。有机溶剂主要是用在塗料、塗料去除劑、油墨和乾洗有机溶剂特別會用于干洗（例如四氯乙烯），作（例如甲苯、香蕉水、松香水、松节油），作洗甲水或去除胶水（例如丙酮，醋酸甲酯，醋酸乙酯），除锈（例如己烷），作洗洁精（檸烯），用于香水（酒精）跟用于化学合成。 Ett lösningsmedel är ofta en vätska som kan lösa upp ett fast ämne, blanda sig med en vätska eller binda en gas och därigenom bilda en homogen lösning. Även fasta ämnen kan vara ett lösningsmedel, till exempel metaller som bildar en legering. Lösningsmedlet anges som det som finns störst mängd i lösningen, exempelvis vatten i saltvatten. Oplosmiddel of solvent (Engels) is een stof waarin andere materialen opgelost kunnen worden. In het huishoudelijk gebruik komen veel producten voor waarin oplosmiddelen zijn verwerkt. Oplosmiddelen worden bijvoorbeeld gebruikt voor het oplossen van vaste stoffen (jodium, zout, pijnstillers), het vloeibaar houden van anders harde substanties (drukinkt, schoensmeer, lijm) en het verspreiden van geuren (aftershave, luchtverfrisser, toiletblok). Vluchtige oplosmiddelen kunnen gebruikt worden in producten waarbij snelle droging door middel van verdamping gewenst is (verf). 용매(溶媒, solvent)는 용액의 매체가 되어 용질을 녹이는 물질로, 주로 액체나 기체상을 띤다. 예를 들어 액체에 물질을 녹여 용액을 만들 때나 액체에 액체가 녹아들어가는 경우에 그 양이 많은 쪽의 액체를 용매라고 하며, 용액 중에서 용매는 용질에 비해 용액을 구성하는 비율이 높다. 액체상의 용매의 경우 공통적으로 끓는 점이 낮아 휘발성을 가지고 있는 경우가 있다. 용매는 액체상이 아닌 혼합물에서 특정 물질을 추출할 때에 사용되기도 한다. 용매가 액체 상태에 있는 경우, 용매가 어느 종류의 물질이냐에 따라 무기 용매와 유기 용매로 구분하기도 한다. 대표적인 무기 용매는 물이며, 유기 용매로는 에테르나 아세톤, 알코올 등을 들 수 있다. 대표적인 극성 용매로는 물, 에탄올, 아세톤 등이 있고, 대표적인 무극성 용매로는 사이클로헥세인 사염화탄소, 벤젠 등이 있다. Un dissolvent o solvent és aquella substància que permet la dispersió d'una altra, el solut, en el seu si. Normalment el dissolvent estableix l'estat físic de la dissolució, per la qual cosa es diu que el dissolvent és el component d'una dissolució que està en el mateix estat físic que la dissolució. L'aigua és descrita moltes vegades com el solvent universal, perquè dissol a més de la meitat dels compostos coneguts. Розчи́нник — індивідуальна хімічна сполука або суміш, здатна розчиняти різні речовини, тобто утворювати з ними однорідні системи змінного складу, що складаються з двох або більшого числа компонентів — розчини. المذيب أو المُحِلّ هو سائل أو غاز يذيب المذابات الصلبة أو السائلة أو الغازية والذي ينتج عنه محلول. يعتبر الماء أكثر المذيبات شيوعا في الحياة اليومية. ومعظم المذيبات الأخرى شائعة الاستخدام هي مواد كيميائية عضوية (أي تحتوي على الكربون والهيدروجين)، وتسمى هذه المذيبات بالمذيبات العضوية. تتصف المذيبات عموما بنقطة غليان منخفضة وتتبخر بسهولة أو يمكن عزلها بالتقطير، تاركة ورائها المواد المذابة. وللتمييز بين المذيبات والمذاب، تكون المذيبات عادة موجودة بنسب كبيرة. ويمكن استخدام المذيبات في استخلاص المواد القابلة للانحلال من المادة المذابة. وأقرب الأمثلة على ذلك هو غلي القهوة أو الشاي في الماء. تكون المذيبات عادة موائع صافية ولا لون لها وأغلبها يتصف برائحة مميزة. أما المذاب فتكون نسبته عادة قليلة في المحلول، مثل محلول الملح، حيث يمثل الملح مادة المذاب والماء هو المذيب. وتركيز المحلول هو كمية المذاب في حجم معين من المذيب ويمكن تقديرها جرام/لتر أو مول/لتر. وتعرف الانحلالية بأنها الكمية العظمى من مركب قابل للذوبان في حجم معين من المذيب عند درجة حرارة معينة. تستخدم المذيبات العضوية عموما في التنظيف الجاف (مثل: رباعي كلوروإثيلين) وكسائل لتمديد للطلاء (مثل: تولوين، وتربنتين)، وكمزيل لطلاء الأظافر ومذيبات الغراء (مثل: أسيتون، وأسيتات المثيل، وأسيتات الإثيل)، وكمزيل للبقع (مثل: هكسان، وأثير البترول)، وفي المنظفات (ليمونين)، وفي العطر (إيثانول)، وفي الاصطناع الكيميائي. إن استخدام المذيبات غير العضوية عدا الماء مقتصر على الأبحاث الكيميائية وبعض العمليات التقنية. وفي عام 2005 م، بلغ السوق العالمي للمذيبات حجما إجماليا 17.9 مليون طن مع عائدات بلغت حوالي 8 مليار يورو. المذيبات تنقسم إلى نوعان، المذيبات العضوية والمذيبات الاعضوية. بخلاف الماء، معظم المذيبات التي تستخدم عبارة عن مذيبات عضوية. يجب أن يكون المذيب خاملاً بالنسبة للمذاب حتى لا يحدث تفاعل وينتج مركبات جديدة. من المذيبات العضوية الهيكسان، دوديكان، ترايديكان، بنزين (حلقة). Ein Lösungsmittel (auch Lösemittel oder Solvens, auch Menstruum) ist ein Stoff, der Gase, Flüssigkeiten oder Feststoffe lösen und dabei verdünnen kann, ohne dass es beim Lösevorgang zu chemischen Reaktionen zwischen dem Lösungsmittel, dem zu lösenden und dem gelösten Stoff kommt. (siehe auch: Lösung (Chemie)). In der Regel werden als Lösungsmittel Flüssigkeiten wie Wasser oder flüssige organische Stoffe zum Lösen der Stoffe eingesetzt. Aber auch Feststoffe können andere Stoffe lösen, indem sie diese Stoffe aufnehmen und einlagern. Beispielsweise wird in den Wasserstofftanks von Autos, die mit Brennstoffzellen betrieben werden, gasförmiger Wasserstoff in festem Material, (genannt:Metall-organische Gerüstverbindungen, kurz MOFs) gelöst. Pelarut merupakan cairan yang mampu melarutkan zat lain yang umumnya berbentuk padatan tanpa mengalami perubahan kimia. Dalam bentuk cairan dan padatan, tiap molekul saling terikat akibat adanya gaya tarik menarik antar molekul, gaya tarik menarik tersebut akan mempengaruhi pembentukan larutan. Apabila terdapat zat terlarut dalam suatu pelarut, maka partikel zat terlarut tersebut akan menyebar ke seluruh pelarut. Hal ini menyebabkan bentuk zat terlarut menyesuaikan dengan bentuk pelarutnya. Растворитель — вещество, способное растворять другие твёрдые, жидкие или газообразные вещества, не изменяя их химически. Как правило, при атмосферном давлении и комнатной температуре растворитель является жидким веществом. Соответственно, в растворах, представляющих собой смеси жидкого и твёрдого либо жидкого и газообразного вещества, растворителем считается жидкий компонент. В смесях жидких веществ растворителем считается тот компонент, который присутствует в значительно большем количестве, либо произвольным образом. Считается, что растворители, применяемые в промышленных масштабах, должны обладать следующими свойствами: быть бесцветными и прозрачными, испаряться без остатка, иметь устойчивость к химическим веществам, проявлять нейтральную реакцию, иметь слабый либо приятный запах, быть безводными, иметь постоянные физические свойства и низкую токсичность, разлагаться в окружающей среде, быть по возможности недорогими. 溶媒（ようばい、英: solvent）は、他の物質を溶かす物質の呼称。 工業分野では溶剤（ようざい）と呼ばれることも多い。 Pelarut adalah suatu zat yang melarutkan zat terlarut (cairan, padat atau gas yang berbeda secara kimiawi), menghasilkan suatu larutan. Pelarut biasanya berupa cairan tetapi juga bisa menjadi padat, gas, atau fluida superkritis. Kuantitas zat terlarut yang dapat larut dalam volume pelarut tertentu bervariasi terhadap suhu. Pelarut paling umum digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah air. Pelarut lain yang juga umum digunakan adalah bahan kimia organik (mengandung karbon) yang juga disebut pelarut organik. Pelarut biasanya memiliki titik didih rendah dan lebih mudah menguap, meninggalkan substansi terlarut yang didapatkan. Untuk membedakan antara pelarut dengan zat yang dilarutkan, pelarut biasanya terdapat dalam jumlah yang lebih besar. Penggunaan umum untuk pelarut organik terdapat dalam cuci kering (misalnya tetrakloroetilena), seperti thinner cat (misalnya toluena, terpentin), sebagai penghilang cat kuku dan pelarut lem (aseton, etil asetat), pada penghilang noda (misalnya heksana, petroleum eter), dalam deterjen (terpena lemon) serta dalam parfum (etanol). La solvanto aŭ solvilo estas substanco kiu solvas alian kemie malsaman likvan, solidan aŭ gasan substancon formante solvaĵon. Kutime la solvanto estas la komponanto ĉeestante en la solvaĵo en pli granda kvanto. La solvantoj estas kutime likvaj sed ankaŭ povas esti solidaj aŭ gasaj. Ekzemple en la reservujo de hidrogeno por veturiloj funkciantaj per fuelpilo, la gasa hidrogeno estas solvita en solida kristala materialo (MOF). La kvanto da substanco kiu povas esti solvita en specifa volumo de solvanto varias kun la temperaturo. La solvantoj estas parto de multnombraj aplikoj: gluoj, komponantoj de la farboj kaj lakoj (ekz., toluene, terebintoleo, acetono ), farmaciaj produktoj, parfumoj (etanolo) ktp. Solvantoj estas uzataj ankaŭ por la produktado de sintezaj materialoj. La molekuloj de la solvanto interagas kun tiuj de la solvenda substanco kaj ĉirkaŭas ilin. Polaraj substancoj estas solvitaj de polaraj solvantoj ĉar estiĝas elektrostatikaj interagoj inter la dupolusoj. La solvantoj ne-polaraj solvas la substancojn ne-polarajn pro la interagoj inter la dupolusoj induktitaj. Akvo estas solvanto por polaraj molekuloj kaj la plej ofta solvanto uzata de vivantaj substancoj. Ĉiuj jonoj kaj proteinoj en la ĉeloj estas solvitaj en akvo ene de la ĉelo. Un disolvente o solvente es una sustancia química en la que se disuelve un soluto (un sólido, líquido o gas químicamente diferente), resultando en una disolución; ​normalmente el solvente es el componente de una disolución presente en mayor cantidad. Los disolventes forman parte de múltiples aplicaciones: adhesivos, componentes en las pinturas, productos farmacéuticos, para la elaboración de materiales sintéticos, etc. Las moléculas de disolvente ejercen su acción al interaccionar con las de soluto y rodearlas. Se conoce como solvatación. Solutos polares serán disueltos por disolventes polares al establecerse interacciones electrostáticas entre los dipolos. Los disolventes apolares disuelven las sustancias apolares por interacciones entre dipolos inducidos. El agua es habitualmente denominada el disolvente universal por la gran cantidad de sustancias sobre las que puede actuar como disolvente. Solvente (do latim: solvō, "soltar, desatar, resolver"), dissolvente ou dispersante são uma substância que dissolve um soluto (um líquido quimicamente distinto, sólido ou gasoso), resultando em uma solução. São geralmente líquidos, mas também podem ser um sólido, um gás ou um fluido supercrítico. A quantidade de soluto que pode se dissolver em um volume específico de solvente varia com a temperatura. O uso mais comum para solventes orgânicos é em limpeza a seco (tetracloroetileno), como diluentes de tinta (como tolueno, terebintina), como removedores de esmalte de unha e solventes de cola (acetona, acetato de metila, acetato de etila), em removedores de manchas (por exemplo, hexano, éter de petróleo), em detergentes (terpenos cítricos) e em perfumes (etanol). A água é um solvente para moléculas polares, sendo o solvente mais comum utilizado pelos seres vivos; todos os íons e proteínas em uma célula são dissolvidos em água dentro da mesma. Os solventes encontram diversas aplicações nas indústrias químicas, farmacêuticas, de petróleo e gás, inclusive em processos de síntese e purificação química. A solvent (s) (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for polar molecules and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell. The quantity of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent varies with temperature. Major uses of solvents are in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning. Specific uses for organic solvents are in dry cleaning (e.g. tetrachloroethylene); as paint thinners (toluene, turpentine); as nail polish removers and solvents of glue (acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate); in spot removers (hexane, petrol ether); in detergents (citrus terpenes); and in perfumes (ethanol). Solvents find various applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, oil, and gas industries, including in chemical syntheses and purification processes.

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