. "Class C"@en . . "\u0397 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1\u03C0\u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD, \u03B9\u03B4\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B7\u03C1\u03C9\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03CE\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B4\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B4\u03CC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2, \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03AD\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B8\u03B1\u03B4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B7, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03CC \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03B3\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B4\u03CC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03CE\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03CC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5. \u0397 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7 \u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03B3\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BA\u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1980. \u0397 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1\u03C0\u03B5\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03C1\u03AF\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF 2002 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u0397\u03BD\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 2006 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0395\u03C5\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE \u0388\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7. \u0397 \u03C7\u03BF\u03C1\u03AE\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03AC\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03AE\u03B8\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1\u03BC\u03C0\u03BB\u03AD\u03C4\u03B1. \u0397 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03B5\u03C5\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1. \u03A0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03B4\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC/\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD \u03BC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03AD\u03C6\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C1\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 72 \u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2, \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B8\u03B1\u03B4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B7. \u03A4\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AE\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03B5\u03CD\u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03BF\u03BE\u03AF\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C7\u03AD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B8\u03B1\u03B4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B7. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2, \u03B6\u03AC\u03BB\u03B7, \u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BA\u03AD\u03C6\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF, \u03B1\u03BC\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03B5\u03C6\u03AF\u03B4\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7, \u03BE\u03B7\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1, \u03BF\u03C1\u03B8\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7, \u03C3\u03B5\u03BE\u03BF\u03C5\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03C5\u03C3\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03BE\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BF\u03CD\u03C1\u03C9\u03BD. \u0395\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03B5\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u039A\u039D\u03A3 \u03BB\u03B9\u03B3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C7\u03AD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7."@el . . . . "Subutex, Sublocade, others"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Buprenorphin ist ein stark wirksames Schmerzmittel (Analgetikum) aus der Gruppe der Opioide. Buprenorphin hat eine partialagonistische Wirkung mit hoher Affinit\u00E4t zu \u00B5-Rezeptoren. Es gilt im h\u00F6heren Alter aufgrund seines guten Sicherheitsprofils als Mittel der ersten Wahl zur Behandlung starker chronischer Schmerzen (etwa bei Schmerzsyndromen). Dar\u00FCber hinaus wird Buprenorphin hochdosiert seit circa Mitte der 1990er Jahre als Substitutionsmittel in der Therapie einer Abh\u00E4ngigkeit von Opioiden verwendet, 2006 wurde es f\u00FCr diese Anwendung in die Liste der unentbehrlichen Arzneimittel der Weltgesundheitsorganisation aufgenommen. Buprenorphin wird halbsynthetisch aus dem Opium-Alkaloid Thebain gewonnen und vermittelt seine Effekte als Partialagonist \u00FCber verschiedene Opioid-Rezeptoren. Sein wichtigstes Abbauprodukt ist das pharmakologisch aktive ."@de . "Buprenorphine is an opioid used to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, and chronic pain. It can be used under the tongue (sublingual), in the cheek (buccal), by injection (intravenous and subcutaneous), as a skin patch (transdermal), or as an implant. For opioid use disorder, it is typically started when withdrawal symptoms have begun and for the first two days of treatment under direct observation of a health-care provider. In the United States, the combination formulation of buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) is usually prescribed to discourage misuse by injection. Maximum pain relief is generally within an hour with effects up to 24 hours. Buprenorphine affects different types of opioid receptors in different ways. Depending on the type of receptor, it may be an agonist, partial agoni"@en . "40"^^ . . . . "\u0392\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7"@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "41"^^ . . . . "96.0"^^ . . . . . "D07132"@en . . . . . "Bile duct and kidney"@en . . "Buprenorphine"@en . . . "1670"^^ . . . . . . "Buprenorfina"@pt . . . . . . . "Schedule III"@en . "Buccal: 65%"@en . . . . . . "Buprenorphine molecule from xtal ball.png"@en . . "1800.0"^^ . . "\u30D6\u30D7\u30EC\u30CE\u30EB\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3 (Buprenorphine) \u3068\u306F\u3001\u30AA\u30D4\u30AA\u30A4\u30C9\u53D7\u5BB9\u4F53\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u30AA\u30D4\u30AA\u30A4\u30C9\u90E8\u5206\u4F5C\u52D5\u85AC\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u93AE\u75DB\u3084\u3001\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u93AE\u75DB\u5264\u3068\u3057\u30661980\u5E74\u4EE3\u306B Reckitt & Colman \u793E\uFF08\u73FEReckitt Benckiser\uFF09\u306B\u3088\u308A\u521D\u3081\u3066\u4E0A\u5E02\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3067\u306F2001\u5E74\u5F8C\u671F\u306B\u30AA\u30D4\u30AA\u30A4\u30C9\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u85AC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9AD8\u7528\u91CF\u306E\u9320\u5264\u304C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u98DF\u54C1\u533B\u85AC\u54C1\u5C40 (FDA) \u306E\u8A8D\u53EF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u306F\u305D\u306E\u7528\u9014\u304C\u4E3B\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30022018\u5E74\u3088\u308A\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3067Sublocade\u306E\u540D\u3067\u540C\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u6CBB\u7642\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306E\u67081\u56DE\u306E\u6295\u4E0E\u3067\u6E08\u3080\u9664\u653E\u6CE8\u5C04\u5264\u304C\u767A\u58F2\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u93AE\u75DB\u5264\u306E\u5546\u54C1\u540D\u30EC\u30DA\u30BF\u30F3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5927\u585A\u88FD\u85AC\u3088\u308A\u6CE8\u5C04\u6DB2\u3001\u5750\u5264\u304C\u3001\u30CE\u30EB\u30B9\u30D1\u30F3\u30C6\u30FC\u30D7\u304C\u4E45\u5149\u88FD\u85AC\u3088\u308A\u8CBC\u4ED8\u5264\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5E02\u8CA9\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u56FD\u969B\u6761\u7D04\u306E\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u6761\u7D04\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30B9\u30B1\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EBIII\u85AC\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9EBB\u85AC\u53CA\u3073\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u53D6\u7DE0\u6CD5\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u7B2C\u4E8C\u7A2E\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u533B\u85AC\u54C1\u3001\u533B\u7642\u6A5F\u5668\u7B49\u306E\u54C1\u8CEA\u3001\u6709\u52B9\u6027\u53CA\u3073\u5B89\u5168\u6027\u306E\u78BA\u4FDD\u7B49\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u6CD5\u5F8B\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u7FD2\u6163\u6027\u533B\u85AC\u54C1\u306B\u6307\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u5287\u85AC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "511142" . "P III"@en . . . "Buprenorfin (buprenorfin hydrochlorid), je syntetick\u00FD opioid, parci\u00E1ln\u00ED agonista / antagonista (tzv. dualista) opi\u00E1tov\u00FDch receptor\u016F. Je slo\u017Ekou \u0159ady hum\u00E1nn\u00EDch a veterin\u00E1rn\u00EDch l\u00E9k\u016F, vyu\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FDch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm k analgezii (l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B bolesti) a k a detoxifika\u010Dn\u00ED l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B z\u00E1vislosti na opi\u00E1tech a opioidech. Tyto l\u00E9ky se u\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED injek\u010Dn\u011B, sublingv\u00E1ln\u011B (vst\u0159eb\u00E1n\u00EDm do sliznice pod jazykem) a transderm\u00E1ln\u011B (vst\u0159eb\u00E1n\u00EDm do k\u016F\u017Ee, kam se uvol\u0148uj\u00ED z n\u00E1plast\u00ED). N\u011Bkter\u00E9 l\u00E9ky s obsahem buprenorfinu jsou u\u017Eivateli drog u\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1ny bez l\u00E9ka\u0159sk\u00E9 indikace \u2013 bu\u010F pro tzv. \u201Edivokou substituci,\u201C nebo p\u0159\u00EDmo \u201Ejako droga\u201C."@cs . . . . . . "Rx-only"@en . . . . . "\u30D6\u30D7\u30EC\u30CE\u30EB\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3 (Buprenorphine) \u3068\u306F\u3001\u30AA\u30D4\u30AA\u30A4\u30C9\u53D7\u5BB9\u4F53\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u30AA\u30D4\u30AA\u30A4\u30C9\u90E8\u5206\u4F5C\u52D5\u85AC\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u93AE\u75DB\u3084\u3001\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u93AE\u75DB\u5264\u3068\u3057\u30661980\u5E74\u4EE3\u306B Reckitt & Colman \u793E\uFF08\u73FEReckitt Benckiser\uFF09\u306B\u3088\u308A\u521D\u3081\u3066\u4E0A\u5E02\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3067\u306F2001\u5E74\u5F8C\u671F\u306B\u30AA\u30D4\u30AA\u30A4\u30C9\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u85AC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9AD8\u7528\u91CF\u306E\u9320\u5264\u304C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u98DF\u54C1\u533B\u85AC\u54C1\u5C40 (FDA) \u306E\u8A8D\u53EF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u306F\u305D\u306E\u7528\u9014\u304C\u4E3B\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30022018\u5E74\u3088\u308A\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3067Sublocade\u306E\u540D\u3067\u540C\u4F9D\u5B58\u75C7\u6CBB\u7642\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306E\u67081\u56DE\u306E\u6295\u4E0E\u3067\u6E08\u3080\u9664\u653E\u6CE8\u5C04\u5264\u304C\u767A\u58F2\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u93AE\u75DB\u5264\u306E\u5546\u54C1\u540D\u30EC\u30DA\u30BF\u30F3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5927\u585A\u88FD\u85AC\u3088\u308A\u6CE8\u5C04\u6DB2\u3001\u5750\u5264\u304C\u3001\u30CE\u30EB\u30B9\u30D1\u30F3\u30C6\u30FC\u30D7\u304C\u4E45\u5149\u88FD\u85AC\u3088\u308A\u8CBC\u4ED8\u5264\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5E02\u8CA9\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u56FD\u969B\u6761\u7D04\u306E\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u6761\u7D04\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30B9\u30B1\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EBIII\u85AC\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u9EBB\u85AC\u53CA\u3073\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u53D6\u7DE0\u6CD5\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u7B2C\u4E8C\u7A2E\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u533B\u85AC\u54C1\u3001\u533B\u7642\u6A5F\u5668\u7B49\u306E\u54C1\u8CEA\u3001\u6709\u52B9\u6027\u53CA\u3073\u5B89\u5168\u6027\u306E\u78BA\u4FDD\u7B49\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u6CD5\u5F8B\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u7FD2\u6163\u6027\u533B\u85AC\u54C1\u306B\u6307\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u5287\u85AC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "29"^^ . "86400.0"^^ . . . . . . "AE01"@en . . . . . "559124"^^ . "Oc7ccc5c1c7O[C@H]3[C@]6[C@H][C@@]CC"@en . "Buprenorfina"@it . . . "644073"^^ . . . . "52485-79-7" . "DB00921"@en . . . . . . "Schedule I"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Buprenorfina"@es . . . . . . . . . "\u0628\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0646"@ar . . "A buprenorfina \u00E9 um medicamento agonista parcial (ou agonista-antagonista) morf\u00EDnico e se fixa nos receptores cerebrais \u00B5 e k. Inicialmente produzida como analg\u00E9sico, nos anos 1980, a subst\u00E2ncia passou a ser utilizada no tratamento substitutivo da depend\u00EAncia de opi\u00E1ceos, assim como a metadona."@pt . "La bupr\u00E9norphine (DCI) est un m\u00E9dicament, agoniste partiel (ou agoniste-antagoniste) morphinique et se fixe au niveau des r\u00E9cepteurs c\u00E9r\u00E9braux \u00B5 et k. Surnomm\u00E9e par les anglophones bupe, cette substance a d'abord \u00E9t\u00E9 produite comme analg\u00E9sique dans les ann\u00E9es 1980. Le m\u00E9dicament est r\u00E9glement\u00E9. Il a secondairement \u00E9t\u00E9 utilis\u00E9 pour le traitement substitutif de la d\u00E9pendance aux opiac\u00E9s. En 2005, en France, on comptait 160 000 h\u00E9ro\u00EFnomanes dont la moiti\u00E9 suit un traitement de substitution aux opiac\u00E9s (TSO)."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "C"@en . . . "changed"@en . . . . . "Anlage III"@en . . . "\uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540"@ko . . . "Bupr\u00E9norphine"@fr . . "\u0397 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1\u03C0\u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD, \u03B9\u03B4\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B7\u03C1\u03C9\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03CE\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B4\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03AD\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B4\u03CC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2, \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03AD\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B8\u03B1\u03B4\u03CC\u03BD\u03B7, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03CC \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03B3\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B4\u03CC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03CE\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03CC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5. \u0397 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7 \u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03B3\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BA\u03B1\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1980. \u0397 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1\u03C0\u03B5\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03C1\u03AF\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF 2002 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u0397\u03BD\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 2006 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0395\u03C5\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE \u0388\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7. \u0397 \u03C7\u03BF\u03C1\u03AE\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03AC\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03AE\u03B8\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1\u03BC\u03C0\u03BB\u03AD\u03C4\u03B1. \u0397 \u03B2\u03BF\u03C5\u03C0\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE, \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03B5\u03C5\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1. \u03A0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03B4\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC/\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD \u03BC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03AD\u03C6\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03C7"@el . . . "\u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Buprenorphine, \u043B\u0430\u0442. Buprenorphinum) \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0456\u043E\u0457\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0430 \u0454 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0443 . \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E, \u044F\u043A \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043D\u044C\u043E\u043C'\u044F\u0437\u043E\u0432\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0456\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0448\u043A\u0456\u0440\u043D\u043E. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u0443 1969 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0449\u043E\u0434\u043E \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0443 1971 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0431\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0443 1978 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0432 \u0456\u043D'\u0454\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0432 1982 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0456.\u041C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044E, \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0456\u043E\u0457\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456."@uk . "Buprenorfin \u00E4r en kemisk f\u00F6rening med formeln C29H41NO4. \u00C4mnet \u00E4r ett kraftigt sm\u00E4rtstillande preparat tillh\u00F6rande gruppen opioider och \u00E4r narkotikaklassat. Det \u00E4r ocks\u00E5 starkt beroendeframkallande. Det framst\u00E4lls genom att extrahera \u00E4mnet tebain ur opiumvallmo."@sv . . "\uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540(buprenorphine, \uBE0C\uB79C\uB4DC\uBA85: Subutex \uB4F1)\uC740 , \uAE09\uC131 \uD1B5\uC99D, \uB9CC\uC131 \uD1B5\uC99D\uC744 \uCE58\uB8CC\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5D0, \uC8FC\uC0AC\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574, \uACBD\uD53C \uD328\uCE58\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574, \uC774\uC2DD\uBB3C\uB85C\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC \uC911\uB3C5\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAE08\uB2E8 \uC99D\uC0C1\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uB420 \uB54C, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC758\uB8CC \uC81C\uACF5\uC790\uC758 \uC9C1\uC811\uC801\uC778 \uAD00\uCC30 \uD558\uC5D0 \uCE58\uB8CC \uD6C4 \uCC98\uC74C \uC774\uD2C0 \uAC04 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uBCF4\uD1B5\uC774\uB2E4. \uB354 \uC7A5\uAE30\uAC04\uC758 \uC911\uB3C5 \uCE58\uB8CC\uB97C \uC704\uD574\uC11C\uB294, \uC8FC\uC0AC\uC758 \uC624\uC6A9\uC744 \uC608\uBC29\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC758 \uACB0\uD569\uC774 \uAD8C\uACE0\uB41C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uB300\uCE58\uC758 \uD1B5\uC99D \uC644\uD654\uB294 \uBCF4\uD1B5 1\uC2DC\uAC04 \uC774\uB0B4\uC774\uBA70 \uD6A8\uB825\uC740 \uCD5C\uB300 24\uC2DC\uAC04\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC9C0\uC18D\uB41C\uB2E4. \uBD80\uC791\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 (\uD638\uD761 \uAC10\uC18C), \uC878\uC74C, \uBD80\uC2E0\uAE30\uB2A5\uBD80\uC804, , \uC800\uD608\uC555, , \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC \uC911\uB3C5\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB1CC\uC804\uC99D \uBC1C\uC791 \uC774\uB825\uC774 \uC788\uB294 \uD658\uC790\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uCD94\uAC00\uC801\uC778 \uBC1C\uC791\uC758 \uC704\uD5D8\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540\uC744 \uC911\uB2E8\uD568\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD558\uB294 \uC740 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC\uB958\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB35C \uC2EC\uAC01\uD55C \uD3B8\uC774\uB2E4. \uC784\uC2E0 \uC911\uC5D0 \uBCF5\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC548\uC804\uD55C\uC9C0\uB294 \uBD84\uBA85\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC73C\uBA70 \uBAA8\uC720 \uC218\uC720 \uC911\uC5D0 \uBCF5\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uAD8C\uC7A5\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540\uC740 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uBC29\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uAC01\uAE30 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC885\uB958\uC758 \uC5D0 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uC900\uB2E4. \uC218\uC6A9\uCCB4\uC758 \uC885\uB958\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC218\uC6A9\uCCB4 \uC791\uC6A9\uC81C, , \uB300\uD56D\uC81C\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540\uC740 1981\uB144 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC758\uD559\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C \uC2B9\uC778\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 2012\uB144, \uC758\uB8CC\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C 9,300,000\uAC74\uC758 \uCC98\uBC29\uC804\uC774 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC791\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540\uC740 \uB2E4\uD589\uAC10 \uD45C\uCD9C\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uB808\uD06C\uB9AC\uC5D0\uC774\uC158\uC744 \uBAA9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC8FC\uC0AC \uB610\uB294 \uBE44\uAC15\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uBCF5\uC6A9\uD560 \uC218\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB54C\uB85C \uB808\uD06C\uB9AC\uC5D0\uC774\uC158\uC744 \uBAA9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD5E4\uB85C\uC778 \uB300\uC2E0 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC774\uB2E4.\uC54C\uC57D\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uB3C4\uB9E4\uAC00\uB294 2017\uB144 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C \uC77C\uC77C \uB3C4\uC2A4(dose) \uB2F9 US$0.86 ~ US$1.32 \uC0AC\uC774\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Buprenorfina (\u0142ac. Buprenorphinum) \u2013 wielofunkcyjny organiczny zwi\u0105zek chemiczny, pochodna tebainy. Stosowany jako silny, p\u00F3\u0142syntetyczny opioidowy lek przeciwb\u00F3lowy i znieczulaj\u0105cy; jest cz\u0119\u015Bciowym agonist\u0105 receptor\u00F3w opioidowych \u03BC i ma do nich wysokie powinowactwo. Wykazuje silne i d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142e dzia\u0142anie przeciwb\u00F3lowe. Wg r\u00F3\u017Cnych wytycznych jest 75\u2013115 razy silniejsza ni\u017C morfina. Charakteryzuje si\u0119 jednak ni\u017Csz\u0105 od niej aktywno\u015Bci\u0105 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 (mor\uFB01na jest pe\u0142nym agonist\u0105), wi\u0119c nigdy nie osi\u0105ga maksymalnej skuteczno\u015Bci jak w przypadku mor\uFB01ny. Rzadziej i w mniejszym stopniu wywo\u0142uje objawy euforyczne, ma s\u0142absze dzia\u0142anie kurcz\u0105ce na mi\u0119\u015Bnie g\u0142adkie i mniejsz\u0105 tendencj\u0119 do wywo\u0142ywania uzale\u017Cnienia. W leczeniu silnego i przewlek\u0142ego b\u00F3lu stosuje si\u0119 plastry przezsk\u00F3rne, kt\u00F3re wymienia si\u0119 co 3\u20134 dni.W przypadku b\u00F3lu przebijaj\u0105cego dodatkowo stosuje si\u0119 tabletki podj\u0119zykowe, z kt\u00F3rych substancja czynna wch\u0142ania si\u0119 poprzez \u015Bluz\u00F3wk\u0119 jamy ustnej. Buprenorfina u\u017Cywana jest tak\u017Ce, podobnie jak metadon, do leczenia uzale\u017Cnienia od opioid\u00F3w w substytucyjnej terapii opioidowej. Ze wzgl\u0119du na du\u017Ce powinowactwo do receptor\u00F3w \u03BC i silne wi\u0105zanie mi\u0119dzy agonist\u0105 a receptorem \u2013 heroina jest wypierana z receptor\u00F3w lub te\u017C nie mo\u017Ce zwi\u0105za\u0107 si\u0119 z receptorami \u03BC, czego skutkiem jest niewywo\u0142anie (lub te\u017C w niewielkim zakresie) objaw\u00F3w euforii. Sprzedawana jest w formie tabletek podj\u0119zykowych, roztwor\u00F3w do iniekcji i plastr\u00F3w. Preparaty proste dopuszczone w Polsce (stan na rok 2017), to Bunondol, Bunorfin, Buprenorfina, Buprenorphine Alkaloid, Melodyn, Norfinox, Norspan, Norvipren i Transtec. Preparat z\u0142o\u017Cony Suboxone (buprenorfina + nalokson) jest stosowany w leczeniu uzale\u017Cnie\u0144. Do u\u017Cytku weterynaryjnego dopuszczone w Polsce s\u0105 preparaty Vetergesic Vet i Bupaq Multidose. Buprenorfina bywa u\u017Cywana pozamedycznie jako \u015Brodek odurzaj\u0105cy, mi\u0119dzy innymi w krajach skandynawskich."@pl . "457118559"^^ . . . "-2"^^ . . "1124095565"^^ . . . . "1"^^ . . . . . . . "RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N"@en . . . . . . "Buprenorphin ist ein stark wirksames Schmerzmittel (Analgetikum) aus der Gruppe der Opioide. Buprenorphin hat eine partialagonistische Wirkung mit hoher Affinit\u00E4t zu \u00B5-Rezeptoren. Es gilt im h\u00F6heren Alter aufgrund seines guten Sicherheitsprofils als Mittel der ersten Wahl zur Behandlung starker chronischer Schmerzen (etwa bei Schmerzsyndromen). Dar\u00FCber hinaus wird Buprenorphin hochdosiert seit circa Mitte der 1990er Jahre als Substitutionsmittel in der Therapie einer Abh\u00E4ngigkeit von Opioiden verwendet, 2006 wurde es f\u00FCr diese Anwendung in die Liste der unentbehrlichen Arzneimittel der Weltgesundheitsorganisation aufgenommen."@de . . . "Sublingual: 30%"@en . "\u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D"@ru . . . . . . . . "Ball-and-stick model of the buprenorphine molecule"@en . . . . "3216" . . . . "220"^^ . . . "4"^^ . . . . . "40D3SCR4GZ" . . . "644073" . . . . . . . "52485"^^ . . . . . "Buprenorfina"@eu . . . . . . . . . "Buprenorfine is een opio\u00EFde en een agonist/antagonist van de in de hersenen. Het wordt gebruikt als krachtige narcotische pijnstiller. Buprenorfine in tegenstelling tot de meeste opiaten wekt geen tolerantie op. Buprenorfine wordt ook gebruikt als tijdelijke of chronische substitutiebehandeling bij verslaving aan opiaten zoals hero\u00EFne. Buprenorfine is alternatief voor methadon. Verslaafden ervaren het afkicken van buprenorfine en methadon als gemakkelijker. Bij gebruik van buprenorfine zou hero\u00EFne geen effect meer hebben omdat buprenorfine de opiaatgevoelige receptoren blokkeert."@nl . . . . . "DB00921" . . . . . . . . "La buprenorfina \u00E8 una molecola di sintesi derivata dalla tebaina, un oppioide usato per trattare il dolore acuto, il dolore cronico e la dipendenza da oppioidi. La buprenorfina \u00E8 stata brevettata nel 1965 e approvata per uso medico negli Stati Uniti nel 1981. Pu\u00F2 essere somministrata per via sublinguale, per iniezione o tramite cerotti e impianti. Viene commercializzata con i nomi Temgesic, Subutex, e nelle formulazioni transdermiche con i nomi Algesalona, Busette, Durlevatec e Transtec."@it . . . . . . . . "Buprenorfina opioide erdi sintetikoa da, modulatzaile misto agonista\u2013antagonista dosi altuetan opioaren eratorrien menpekotasuna tratatzeko erabiltzen dena, dosi baxuagoetan min akutu moderatua arintzeko eta are baxuagoetan min kroniko moderatua."@eu . . "Buprenorfin"@sv . "Liver"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "a605002" . . . . . . . "La buprenorfina es un f\u00E1rmaco del grupo de los opioides. \u00DAtil para el tratamiento de la adicci\u00F3n a otros opioides como la morfina y la hero\u00EDna de manera similar al tratamiento con metadona. Fue comercializada por primera vez en los Estados Unidos en 1981 por los laboratorios como analg\u00E9sico, con el nombre comercial de \u00ABBuprenex 0.3 mg/ml inyectable\u00BB. Para el tratamiento de la adicci\u00F3n a otros opioides las dosis suelen ser mucho mayores (>2 mg) que las empleadas como analg\u00E9sico (>200 \u00B5g)."@es . . . . . "changed"@en . "a605002"@en . "Buprenorfina"@pl . . "La bupr\u00E9norphine (DCI) est un m\u00E9dicament, agoniste partiel (ou agoniste-antagoniste) morphinique et se fixe au niveau des r\u00E9cepteurs c\u00E9r\u00E9braux \u00B5 et k. Surnomm\u00E9e par les anglophones bupe, cette substance a d'abord \u00E9t\u00E9 produite comme analg\u00E9sique dans les ann\u00E9es 1980. Le m\u00E9dicament est r\u00E9glement\u00E9. Il a secondairement \u00E9t\u00E9 utilis\u00E9 pour le traitement substitutif de la d\u00E9pendance aux opiac\u00E9s. En 2005, en France, on comptait 160 000 h\u00E9ro\u00EFnomanes dont la moiti\u00E9 suit un traitement de substitution aux opiac\u00E9s (TSO)."@fr . . . . . "133200.0"^^ . . . "Buprenorphin"@de . "Buprenorfina opioide erdi sintetikoa da, modulatzaile misto agonista\u2013antagonista dosi altuetan opioaren eratorrien menpekotasuna tratatzeko erabiltzen dena, dosi baxuagoetan min akutu moderatua arintzeko eta are baxuagoetan min kroniko moderatua."@eu . "La buprenorfina es un f\u00E1rmaco del grupo de los opioides. \u00DAtil para el tratamiento de la adicci\u00F3n a otros opioides como la morfina y la hero\u00EDna de manera similar al tratamiento con metadona. Fue comercializada por primera vez en los Estados Unidos en 1981 por los laboratorios como analg\u00E9sico, con el nombre comercial de \u00ABBuprenex 0.3 mg/ml inyectable\u00BB. Para el tratamiento de la adicci\u00F3n a otros opioides las dosis suelen ser mucho mayores (>2 mg) que las empleadas como analg\u00E9sico (>200 \u00B5g)."@es . . . . "\u30D6\u30D7\u30EC\u30CE\u30EB\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . "Subutex, Sublocade, others"@en . . "Skeletal formula of buprenorphine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E01\u4E19\u8AFE\u5561\uFF08Buprenorphine\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7528\u4EE5\u6CBB\u7642\u8207\u6025\u3001\u6162\u6027\u75BC\u75DB\u7684\u85E5\u7269\uFF0C\u5E02\u9762\u4E0A\u4EE5\u300C\u901F\u767E\u9A30\u300D\uFF08subutex\uFF09\u7B49\u540D\u7A31\u8CA9\u552E\u3002\u6B64\u85E5\u53EF\u85C9\u7531\u53E3\u8154\u9ECF\u819C\u5438\u6536\u3001\u6DB2\u9AD4\u6CE8\u5C04\u6216\u62FF\u81A0\u5E03\u6CBE\u6FD5\u5F8C\u8CBC\u65BC\u76AE\u819A\u7B49\u65B9\u5F0F\u65BD\u7528\u3002\u5982\u662F\u4F5C\u70BA\u6CBB\u7642\u9D09\u7247\u6210\u766E\u6642\uFF0C\u5EFA\u8B70\u9700\u6709\u8B77\u7406\u4EBA\u54E1\u5728\u65C1\uFF0C\u800C\u82E5\u7642\u7A0B\u8F03\u9577\u6642\uFF0C\u5247\u901A\u5E38\u6703\u5EFA\u8B70\u52A0\u5165\u7D0D\u6D1B\u916E\uFF08naloxone\uFF0C\u4E00\u7A2E\u9D09\u7247\u53D7\u9AD4\u62EE\u6297\u5291\uFF09\uFF0C\u7D44\u5408\u70BA\u914D\u65B9\u5F8C\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u60A3\u8005\u5728\u65BD\u7528\u672C\u85E5\u5F8C\u76841\u5C0F\u6642\u5167\u5373\u53EF\u611F\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7A0B\u5EA6\u75BC\u75DB\u7DE9\u89E3\u7684\u6548\u679C\uFF0C\u4E26\u53EF\u6301\u7E8C\u905424\u5C0F\u6642\u3002 \u6B64\u85E5\u7684\u526F\u4F5C\u7528\u5305\u62EC\u5F15\u767C\u63DB\u6C23\u4E0D\u8DB3\uFF08\u547C\u5438\u6E1B\u7DE9\uFF09\u3001\u55DC\u7761\u3001\u3001\u9577QT\u7D9C\u5408\u75C7\uFF08\u4E00\u7A2E\u5FC3\u81DF\u75C5\uFF09\u3001\u4F4E\u8840\u58D3\u3001\u904E\u654F\u53CA\u9D09\u7247\u985E\u7269\u8CEA\u6210\u766E\u7B49\u3002\u800C\u82E5\u7528\u85E5\u8005\u6709\u7672\u7647\u767C\u4F5C\u7684\u75C5\u53F2\uFF0C\u5247\u4EA6\u6709\u5F15\u767C\u66F4\u56B4\u91CD\u7672\u7647\u7684\u98A8\u96AA\uFF1B\u4E0D\u904E\u901A\u5E38\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u505C\u7528\u672C\u85E5\u5F8C\u50C5\u6703\u51FA\u73FE\u8F15\u5FAE\u7684\u75C7\u72C0\u3002\u76EE\u524D\u6B64\u85E5\u5C0D\u5B55\u5A66\u7684\u5B89\u5168\u6027\u5C1A\u4E0D\u6E05\u695A\uFF0C\u4E14\u4E0D\u5EFA\u8B70\u5728\u9935\u6BCD\u4E73\u671F\u9593\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u6B64\u85E5\u7684\u85E5\u7406\u6A5F\u5236\u70BA\u4EE5\u5404\u7A2E\u65B9\u5F0F\u5F71\u97FF\u4E0D\u540C\u7A2E\u985E\u7684\uFF0C\u4F9D\u64DA\u53D7\u9AD4\u7684\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u6B64\u85E5\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F5C\u70BA\u6FC0\u52D5\u5291\u3001\u90E8\u5206\u6FC0\u52D5\u5291\u6216\u662F\u53D7\u9AD4\u62EE\u6297\u5291\u3002 \u7F8E\u570B\u57281981\u5E74\u901A\u904E\u5C07\u4E01\u4E19\u8AFE\u5561\u5217\u70BA\u85E5\u7269\uFF0C2012\u5E74\u6642\uFF0C\u5168\u7F8E\u958B\u51FA\u4E86930\u842C\u7B46\u8655\u65B9\u7C64\u3002\u4E5F\u6709\u4EBA\u5C07\u6B64\u85E5\u7528\u4F5C\u5A1B\u6A02\u7528\u9014\uFF0C\u70BA\u6C42\u6B23\u5FEB\u611F\u800C\u63A1\u7528\u6CE8\u5C04\u6216\u5F9E\u9F3B\u8154\u5438\u5165\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u4E9B\u4EBA\u5C07\u5B83\u7576\u4F5C\u6D77\u6D1B\u56E0\u7684\u66FF\u4EE3\u54C1\u3002\u4E01\u4E19\u8AFE\u5561\u5728\u7F8E\u570B\u662F\u5217\u70BA\u7684\u7BA1\u5236\u85E5\u7269\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D (Buprenorphine). \u0425\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F: 17-(\u0426\u0438\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0438\u043B\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B)- 7,8-\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E-7- [(1S)-2-\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438-3,3-\u0434\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043B-2] \u22126-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438-\u041E-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B- 6,14-\u044D\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E-17- \u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043B\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0434. CAS: 52485-79-7. \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F: Addnok, \u0410\u043D\u0444\u0438\u043D, \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B, \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D IC, \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043B\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0434, \u041D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D, Anfin, Buprenal, Buprenex, Buprex, Lepetan, Norfin, Norphine, Suboxone, Subutex, Temgesic."@ru . . "\u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0628\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0646 (Buprenorphine) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062A\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u064A\u0628\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0643\u064A \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F \u0645\u0632\u062F\u0648\u062C \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0645\u060C \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0625\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A \u062C\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062A\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u064A\u062F\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u062A\u0639\u0637\u064A \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u062C\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u0646 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063A\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062F\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062D\u0642\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629."@ar . "Buprenorfina (\u0142ac. Buprenorphinum) \u2013 wielofunkcyjny organiczny zwi\u0105zek chemiczny, pochodna tebainy. Stosowany jako silny, p\u00F3\u0142syntetyczny opioidowy lek przeciwb\u00F3lowy i znieczulaj\u0105cy; jest cz\u0119\u015Bciowym agonist\u0105 receptor\u00F3w opioidowych \u03BC i ma do nich wysokie powinowactwo. Wykazuje silne i d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142e dzia\u0142anie przeciwb\u00F3lowe. Wg r\u00F3\u017Cnych wytycznych jest 75\u2013115 razy silniejsza ni\u017C morfina. Charakteryzuje si\u0119 jednak ni\u017Csz\u0105 od niej aktywno\u015Bci\u0105 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 (mor\uFB01na jest pe\u0142nym agonist\u0105), wi\u0119c nigdy nie osi\u0105ga maksymalnej skuteczno\u015Bci jak w przypadku mor\uFB01ny. Rzadziej i w mniejszym stopniu wywo\u0142uje objawy euforyczne, ma s\u0142absze dzia\u0142anie kurcz\u0105ce na mi\u0119\u015Bnie g\u0142adkie i mniejsz\u0105 tendencj\u0119 do wywo\u0142ywania uzale\u017Cnienia."@pl . . . . . . . "511142"^^ . "Buprenorphine is an opioid used to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, and chronic pain. It can be used under the tongue (sublingual), in the cheek (buccal), by injection (intravenous and subcutaneous), as a skin patch (transdermal), or as an implant. For opioid use disorder, it is typically started when withdrawal symptoms have begun and for the first two days of treatment under direct observation of a health-care provider. In the United States, the combination formulation of buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) is usually prescribed to discourage misuse by injection. Maximum pain relief is generally within an hour with effects up to 24 hours. Buprenorphine affects different types of opioid receptors in different ways. Depending on the type of receptor, it may be an agonist, partial agonist, or antagonist. In the treatment of opioid use disorder buprenorphine is an agonist/antagonist, meaning that it relieves withdrawal symptoms from other opioids and induces some euphoria, but also blocks the ability for many other opioids, including heroin, to cause an effect. Unlike full agonists like heroin or methadone, buprenorphine has a ceiling effect, such that taking more medicine will not increase the effects of the drug. Side effects may include respiratory depression (decreased breathing), sleepiness, adrenal insufficiency, QT prolongation, low blood pressure, allergic reactions, constipation, and opioid addiction. Among those with a history of seizures, a risk exists of further seizures. Opioid withdrawal following stopping buprenorphine is generally less severe than with other opioids. Whether use during pregnancy is safe is unclear, but use while breastfeeding is probably safe, since the dose the infant receives is 1-2% that of the maternal dose, on a weight basis. Buprenorphine was patented in 1965, and approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In addition to prescription as an analgesic it is a common medication used to treat opioid use disorders, such as addiction to heroin. In 2020, it was the 186th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. Buprenorphine may also be used recreationally for the high it produces, and in the US sublingual formulations are marketed as a film or mixed with naloxone to discourage injection. In the United States, buprenorphine is a schedule III controlled substance."@en . . . . . . . . "S8"@en . . . . "Buprenorfine"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E01\u4E19\u8AFE\u5561\uFF08Buprenorphine\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7528\u4EE5\u6CBB\u7642\u8207\u6025\u3001\u6162\u6027\u75BC\u75DB\u7684\u85E5\u7269\uFF0C\u5E02\u9762\u4E0A\u4EE5\u300C\u901F\u767E\u9A30\u300D\uFF08subutex\uFF09\u7B49\u540D\u7A31\u8CA9\u552E\u3002\u6B64\u85E5\u53EF\u85C9\u7531\u53E3\u8154\u9ECF\u819C\u5438\u6536\u3001\u6DB2\u9AD4\u6CE8\u5C04\u6216\u62FF\u81A0\u5E03\u6CBE\u6FD5\u5F8C\u8CBC\u65BC\u76AE\u819A\u7B49\u65B9\u5F0F\u65BD\u7528\u3002\u5982\u662F\u4F5C\u70BA\u6CBB\u7642\u9D09\u7247\u6210\u766E\u6642\uFF0C\u5EFA\u8B70\u9700\u6709\u8B77\u7406\u4EBA\u54E1\u5728\u65C1\uFF0C\u800C\u82E5\u7642\u7A0B\u8F03\u9577\u6642\uFF0C\u5247\u901A\u5E38\u6703\u5EFA\u8B70\u52A0\u5165\u7D0D\u6D1B\u916E\uFF08naloxone\uFF0C\u4E00\u7A2E\u9D09\u7247\u53D7\u9AD4\u62EE\u6297\u5291\uFF09\uFF0C\u7D44\u5408\u70BA\u914D\u65B9\u5F8C\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u60A3\u8005\u5728\u65BD\u7528\u672C\u85E5\u5F8C\u76841\u5C0F\u6642\u5167\u5373\u53EF\u611F\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7A0B\u5EA6\u75BC\u75DB\u7DE9\u89E3\u7684\u6548\u679C\uFF0C\u4E26\u53EF\u6301\u7E8C\u905424\u5C0F\u6642\u3002 \u6B64\u85E5\u7684\u526F\u4F5C\u7528\u5305\u62EC\u5F15\u767C\u63DB\u6C23\u4E0D\u8DB3\uFF08\u547C\u5438\u6E1B\u7DE9\uFF09\u3001\u55DC\u7761\u3001\u3001\u9577QT\u7D9C\u5408\u75C7\uFF08\u4E00\u7A2E\u5FC3\u81DF\u75C5\uFF09\u3001\u4F4E\u8840\u58D3\u3001\u904E\u654F\u53CA\u9D09\u7247\u985E\u7269\u8CEA\u6210\u766E\u7B49\u3002\u800C\u82E5\u7528\u85E5\u8005\u6709\u7672\u7647\u767C\u4F5C\u7684\u75C5\u53F2\uFF0C\u5247\u4EA6\u6709\u5F15\u767C\u66F4\u56B4\u91CD\u7672\u7647\u7684\u98A8\u96AA\uFF1B\u4E0D\u904E\u901A\u5E38\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u505C\u7528\u672C\u85E5\u5F8C\u50C5\u6703\u51FA\u73FE\u8F15\u5FAE\u7684\u75C7\u72C0\u3002\u76EE\u524D\u6B64\u85E5\u5C0D\u5B55\u5A66\u7684\u5B89\u5168\u6027\u5C1A\u4E0D\u6E05\u695A\uFF0C\u4E14\u4E0D\u5EFA\u8B70\u5728\u9935\u6BCD\u4E73\u671F\u9593\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u6B64\u85E5\u7684\u85E5\u7406\u6A5F\u5236\u70BA\u4EE5\u5404\u7A2E\u65B9\u5F0F\u5F71\u97FF\u4E0D\u540C\u7A2E\u985E\u7684\uFF0C\u4F9D\u64DA\u53D7\u9AD4\u7684\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u6B64\u85E5\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F5C\u70BA\u6FC0\u52D5\u5291\u3001\u90E8\u5206\u6FC0\u52D5\u5291\u6216\u662F\u53D7\u9AD4\u62EE\u6297\u5291\u3002 \u7F8E\u570B\u57281981\u5E74\u901A\u904E\u5C07\u4E01\u4E19\u8AFE\u5561\u5217\u70BA\u85E5\u7269\uFF0C2012\u5E74\u6642\uFF0C\u5168\u7F8E\u958B\u51FA\u4E86930\u842C\u7B46\u8655\u65B9\u7C64\u3002\u4E5F\u6709\u4EBA\u5C07\u6B64\u85E5\u7528\u4F5C\u5A1B\u6A02\u7528\u9014\uFF0C\u70BA\u6C42\u6B23\u5FEB\u611F\u800C\u63A1\u7528\u6CE8\u5C04\u6216\u5F9E\u9F3B\u8154\u5438\u5165\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u4E9B\u4EBA\u5C07\u5B83\u7576\u4F5C\u6D77\u6D1B\u56E0\u7684\u66FF\u4EE3\u54C1\u3002\u4E01\u4E19\u8AFE\u5561\u5728\u7F8E\u570B\u662F\u5217\u70BA\u7684\u7BA1\u5236\u85E5\u7269\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Buprenorfine is een opio\u00EFde en een agonist/antagonist van de in de hersenen. Het wordt gebruikt als krachtige narcotische pijnstiller. Buprenorfine in tegenstelling tot de meeste opiaten wekt geen tolerantie op. Buprenorfine wordt ook gebruikt als tijdelijke of chronische substitutiebehandeling bij verslaving aan opiaten zoals hero\u00EFne. Buprenorfine is alternatief voor methadon. Verslaafden ervaren het afkicken van buprenorfine en methadon als gemakkelijker. Bij gebruik van buprenorfine zou hero\u00EFne geen effect meer hebben omdat buprenorfine de opiaatgevoelige receptoren blokkeert."@nl . "D07132" . . . . "\u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Buprenorphine, \u043B\u0430\u0442. Buprenorphinum) \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0431, \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0456\u043E\u0457\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0430 \u0454 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0443 . \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E, \u044F\u043A \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043D\u044C\u043E\u043C'\u044F\u0437\u043E\u0432\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0456\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0448\u043A\u0456\u0440\u043D\u043E. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u0443 1969 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0449\u043E\u0434\u043E \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0443 1971 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0431\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0443 1978 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0432 \u0456\u043D'\u0454\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0432 1982 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0456.\u041C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044E, \u043B\u0456\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0456\u043E\u0457\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456."@uk . . . . "\u0628\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0646 (Buprenorphine) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062A\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062A\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u064A\u0628\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0643\u064A \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062F \u0645\u0632\u062F\u0648\u062C \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0645\u060C \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0625\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0631\u0648\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A \u062C\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062A\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u064A\u062F\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u062A\u0639\u0637\u064A \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u062C\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u0646 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063A\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062F\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062D\u0642\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629."@ar . . . . . "La buprenorfina \u00E8 una molecola di sintesi derivata dalla tebaina, un oppioide usato per trattare il dolore acuto, il dolore cronico e la dipendenza da oppioidi. La buprenorfina \u00E8 stata brevettata nel 1965 e approvata per uso medico negli Stati Uniti nel 1981. Pu\u00F2 essere somministrata per via sublinguale, per iniezione o tramite cerotti e impianti. Viene commercializzata con i nomi Temgesic, Subutex, e nelle formulazioni transdermiche con i nomi Algesalona, Busette, Durlevatec e Transtec. La buprenorfina agisce su diversi tipi di recettori oppioidi in modi diversi. A seconda del tipo di recettore, pu\u00F2 essere un agonista, un agonista parziale o un antagonista. Gli effetti collaterali includono depressione respiratoria, sonnolenza, insufficienza surrenalica, prolungamento dell'intervallo QT, ipotensione, reazioni allergiche, stitichezza e dipendenza."@it . . . . . . "Buprenorfin"@cs . . . . . . . . . "Psychological: High; Physical: Moderate"@en . . . "N02"@en . . . . . . "\u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D (Buprenorphine). \u0425\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F: 17-(\u0426\u0438\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0438\u043B\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B)- 7,8-\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E-7- [(1S)-2-\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438-3,3-\u0434\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043B-2] \u22126-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438-\u041E-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B- 6,14-\u044D\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E-17- \u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043B\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0434. CAS: 52485-79-7. \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F: Addnok, \u0410\u043D\u0444\u0438\u043D, \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B, \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D IC, \u0411\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0445\u043B\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0434, \u041D\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D, Anfin, Buprenal, Buprenex, Buprex, Lepetan, Norfin, Norphine, Suboxone, Subutex, Temgesic."@ru . . . "3216"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "779848"^^ . "yes"@en . . "Intranasal: 48%"@en . "A buprenorfina \u00E9 um medicamento agonista parcial (ou agonista-antagonista) morf\u00EDnico e se fixa nos receptores cerebrais \u00B5 e k. Inicialmente produzida como analg\u00E9sico, nos anos 1980, a subst\u00E2ncia passou a ser utilizada no tratamento substitutivo da depend\u00EAncia de opi\u00E1ceos, assim como a metadona. A buprenorfina faz com que o dependente (adicto) n\u00E3o sinta a s\u00EDndrome de abstin\u00EAncia t\u00E3o violentamente e que, a m\u00E9dio prazo, lide de forma mais saud\u00E1vel com a depend\u00EAncia. De in\u00EDcio, a subst\u00E2ncia \u00E9 administrada em dosagem de acordo com os consumos do paciente e vai sendo reduzida lentamente at\u00E9 0 mg, altura em que o paciente n\u00E3o sente mais a necessidade dos opi\u00E1ceos, como a morfina e a hero\u00EDna."@pt . . . . "Buprenorfin \u00E4r en kemisk f\u00F6rening med formeln C29H41NO4. \u00C4mnet \u00E4r ett kraftigt sm\u00E4rtstillande preparat tillh\u00F6rande gruppen opioider och \u00E4r narkotikaklassat. Det \u00E4r ocks\u00E5 starkt beroendeframkallande. Det framst\u00E4lls genom att extrahera \u00E4mnet tebain ur opiumvallmo."@sv . . . . "68304"^^ . . . "Buprenorphine"@en . "\u4E01\u4E19\u8AFE\u5561"@zh . . "Buprenorfin (buprenorfin hydrochlorid), je syntetick\u00FD opioid, parci\u00E1ln\u00ED agonista / antagonista (tzv. dualista) opi\u00E1tov\u00FDch receptor\u016F. Je slo\u017Ekou \u0159ady hum\u00E1nn\u00EDch a veterin\u00E1rn\u00EDch l\u00E9k\u016F, vyu\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FDch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm k analgezii (l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B bolesti) a k a detoxifika\u010Dn\u00ED l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B z\u00E1vislosti na opi\u00E1tech a opioidech. Tyto l\u00E9ky se u\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED injek\u010Dn\u011B, sublingv\u00E1ln\u011B (vst\u0159eb\u00E1n\u00EDm do sliznice pod jazykem) a transderm\u00E1ln\u011B (vst\u0159eb\u00E1n\u00EDm do k\u016F\u017Ee, kam se uvol\u0148uj\u00ED z n\u00E1plast\u00ED). N\u011Bkter\u00E9 l\u00E9ky s obsahem buprenorfinu jsou u\u017Eivateli drog u\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1ny bez l\u00E9ka\u0159sk\u00E9 indikace \u2013 bu\u010F pro tzv. \u201Edivokou substituci,\u201C nebo p\u0159\u00EDmo \u201Ejako droga\u201C."@cs . . "\uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540(buprenorphine, \uBE0C\uB79C\uB4DC\uBA85: Subutex \uB4F1)\uC740 , \uAE09\uC131 \uD1B5\uC99D, \uB9CC\uC131 \uD1B5\uC99D\uC744 \uCE58\uB8CC\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5D0, \uC8FC\uC0AC\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574, \uACBD\uD53C \uD328\uCE58\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574, \uC774\uC2DD\uBB3C\uB85C\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC \uC911\uB3C5\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAE08\uB2E8 \uC99D\uC0C1\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uB420 \uB54C, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC758\uB8CC \uC81C\uACF5\uC790\uC758 \uC9C1\uC811\uC801\uC778 \uAD00\uCC30 \uD558\uC5D0 \uCE58\uB8CC \uD6C4 \uCC98\uC74C \uC774\uD2C0 \uAC04 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uBCF4\uD1B5\uC774\uB2E4. \uB354 \uC7A5\uAE30\uAC04\uC758 \uC911\uB3C5 \uCE58\uB8CC\uB97C \uC704\uD574\uC11C\uB294, \uC8FC\uC0AC\uC758 \uC624\uC6A9\uC744 \uC608\uBC29\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uC758 \uACB0\uD569\uC774 \uAD8C\uACE0\uB41C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uB300\uCE58\uC758 \uD1B5\uC99D \uC644\uD654\uB294 \uBCF4\uD1B5 1\uC2DC\uAC04 \uC774\uB0B4\uC774\uBA70 \uD6A8\uB825\uC740 \uCD5C\uB300 24\uC2DC\uAC04\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC9C0\uC18D\uB41C\uB2E4. \uBD80\uC791\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 (\uD638\uD761 \uAC10\uC18C), \uC878\uC74C, \uBD80\uC2E0\uAE30\uB2A5\uBD80\uC804, , \uC800\uD608\uC555, , \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC \uC911\uB3C5\uC774 \uD3EC\uD568\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB1CC\uC804\uC99D \uBC1C\uC791 \uC774\uB825\uC774 \uC788\uB294 \uD658\uC790\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uCD94\uAC00\uC801\uC778 \uBC1C\uC791\uC758 \uC704\uD5D8\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540\uC744 \uC911\uB2E8\uD568\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD558\uB294 \uC740 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC624\uD53C\uC624\uC774\uB4DC\uB958\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB35C \uC2EC\uAC01\uD55C \uD3B8\uC774\uB2E4. \uC784\uC2E0 \uC911\uC5D0 \uBCF5\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC548\uC804\uD55C\uC9C0\uB294 \uBD84\uBA85\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC73C\uBA70 \uBAA8\uC720 \uC218\uC720 \uC911\uC5D0 \uBCF5\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uAD8C\uC7A5\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uBD80\uD504\uB808\uB178\uB974\uD540\uC740 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uBC29\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uAC01\uAE30 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC885\uB958\uC758 \uC5D0 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uC900\uB2E4. \uC218\uC6A9\uCCB4\uC758 \uC885\uB958\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC218\uC6A9\uCCB4 \uC791\uC6A9\uC81C, , \uB300\uD56D\uC81C\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . .