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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Kemisk termodynamik \u00E4r en gren inom termodynamiken, som beskriver f\u00F6rh\u00E5llandet mellan v\u00E4rme, , och arbete, , fr\u00E5n ett kemiskt perspektiv. Den kemiska termodynamiken grundar sig, precis som den traditionella termodynamiken, i empiriska m\u00E4tningar. Centrala begrepp inom kemisk termodynamik \u00E4r: \n* Inre energi \n* Entalpi \n* Entropi \n* Gibbs fria energi \n* Helmholtz fria energi"@sv .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Kemia termodinamiko estas la studo de interrilatoj de varmo kaj kun kemiaj reakcioj a\u016D kun fizikaj \u015Dan\u011Doj de stato ene de limoj de la le\u011Doj de la termodinamiko. Kemia termodinamiko inkludas ne nur laboratoriajn mezurojn de variaj termodinamikaj proprecoj, sed anka\u016D la aplikojn de matematikaj metodoj al la studo de kemiaj demandoj kaj al la spontaneco de la procezoj. La strukturo de kemia termodinamiko estas bazita sur la unuaj du le\u011Doj de la termodinamiko. Starte el la unua kaj dua le\u011Doj de la termodinamiko, kvar ekvacioj nomitaj la \"fundamentaj ekvacioj de Gibbs\" povas esti derivitaj. El tiuj kvar, multaj ekvacioj, rilataj al la termodinamikaj proprecoj de termodinamika sistemo povas esti derivitaj uzante relative simplan matematikon. Tio skizas la matematikan kadron de kemia termodinamiko."@eo .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Dalam termodinamika, termodinamika kimia adalah kajian matematika tentang keterkaitan antara kalor dan kerja dengan reaksi kimia atau dengan perubahan keadaan fisik dalam batas-batas hukum-hukum termodinamika. Termodinamika kimia dapat dipahami sebagai terapan metode matematika untuk mengkaji permasalahan kimia dan khususnya memiliki perhatian pada kespontanan proses. \n* l \n* \n* s"@in .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"Termodynamika chemiczna \u2013 dzia\u0142 chemii fizycznej, stosuj\u0105cy zasady termodynamiki do bada\u0144 reakcji chemicznych i proces\u00F3w fizykochemicznych, wykorzystuj\u0105cy fenomenologiczne poj\u0119cia potencja\u0142u chemicznego i aktywno\u015Bci sk\u0142adnik\u00F3w uk\u0142adu w celu okre\u015Blania kierunku przemian, zmierzaj\u0105cych do stanu termodynamicznej r\u00F3wnowagi, oraz energetycznych efekt\u00F3w tych przemian \u2013 ilo\u015Bci energii, wymienianej mi\u0119dzy badanym uk\u0142adem i jego otoczeniem (ciep\u0142o i praca). Termodynamika chemiczna jest teoretyczn\u0105 podstaw\u0105 technologii i in\u017Cynierii chemicznej, dotyczy te\u017C tzw. proces\u00F3w nieodwracalnych, przebiegaj\u0105cych w uk\u0142adach otwartych termodynamicznie, w skali molekularnej (np. energetyka proces\u00F3w \u017Cyciowych) lub w skali kosmicznej (np. struktury dyssypatywne we Wszech\u015Bwiecie)."@pl .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Termodynamika chemiczna \u2013 dzia\u0142 chemii fizycznej, stosuj\u0105cy zasady termodynamiki do bada\u0144 reakcji chemicznych i proces\u00F3w fizykochemicznych, wykorzystuj\u0105cy fenomenologiczne poj\u0119cia potencja\u0142u chemicznego i aktywno\u015Bci sk\u0142adnik\u00F3w uk\u0142adu w celu okre\u015Blania kierunku przemian, zmierzaj\u0105cych do stanu termodynamicznej r\u00F3wnowagi, oraz energetycznych efekt\u00F3w tych przemian \u2013 ilo\u015Bci energii, wymienianej mi\u0119dzy badanym uk\u0142adem i jego otoczeniem (ciep\u0142o i praca). Termodynamika chemiczna jest teoretyczn\u0105 podstaw\u0105 technologii i in\u017Cynierii chemicznej, dotyczy te\u017C tzw. proces\u00F3w nieodwracalnych, przebiegaj\u0105cych w uk\u0142adach otwartych termodynamicznie, w skali molekularnej (np. energetyka proces\u00F3w \u017Cyciowych) lub w skali kosmicznej (np. struktury dyssypatywne we Wszech\u015Bwiecie)."@pl .
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\u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F: 1. \n* \u041A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435. 2. \n* \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u044F, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043F\u043B\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438. 3. \n* \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432, \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F \u0438\u0437 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043E \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E \u043C\u0435\u0436\u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438. \u0425\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043D\u043E 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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Chemical thermodynamics) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0647\u062A\u0645 \u0628\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063A\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064A\u062A\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627. \u0648\u062A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062A\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0646\u062A\u062C\u062A \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u00AB\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062C\u064A\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629\u00BB. \u062B\u0645 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0639\u062F\u062F\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062A\u062E\u062A\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0629. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629."@ar .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the \"fundamental equations of Gibbs\" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics."@en .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chemical_thermodynamics>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"Kemisk termodynamik \u00E4r en gren inom termodynamiken, som beskriver f\u00F6rh\u00E5llandet mellan v\u00E4rme, , och arbete, , fr\u00E5n ett kemiskt perspektiv. Den kemiska termodynamiken grundar sig, precis som den traditionella termodynamiken, i empiriska m\u00E4tningar. Centrala begrepp inom kemisk termodynamik \u00E4r: \n* Inre energi \n* Entalpi \n* Entropi \n* Gibbs fria energi \n* Helmholtz fria energi"@sv .
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