"Gasifikazioa solido edo likido egoeran dagoen lehengaia prozesu termokimiko baten bidez gas erregaira eraldatzen duen prozesua da. Beroa ematen duen baten laguntzaz eta oxigeno kantitate zehatzeko egoeretan, gasogeno baten barruan gertatzen da prozesu hau."@eu . "Zply\u0148ov\u00E1n\u00ED"@cs . . . . . . "Gasificaci\u00F3"@ca . . . . . "Gasifikazioa solido edo likido egoeran dagoen lehengaia prozesu termokimiko baten bidez gas erregaira eraldatzen duen prozesua da. Beroa ematen duen baten laguntzaz eta oxigeno kantitate zehatzeko egoeretan, gasogeno baten barruan gertatzen da prozesu hau."@eu . "Gasificatie (meestal vergassing genoemd) is het chemische proces waarbij een materiaal bij hoge temperatuur (1.300 tot 1.500 \u00B0C) wordt omgezet in een mengsel van voornamelijk koolmonoxide (CO) en waterstof (H2). Het aldus ontstane gasmengsel wordt ook synthesegas of stadsgas genoemd. De hoge temperatuur wordt bereikt door gedeeltelijke oxidatie van het materiaal met afgepaste hoeveelheden stoom, lucht en/of zuurstof. Het synthesegas kent verschillende toepassingen. Zo wordt op basis van synthesegas waterstof geproduceerd, maar ook methanol en Fischer-Tropschbrandstoffen. Door toevoeging van meer of minder stoom kan men de verhouding tussen waterstof en koolmonoxide regelen, afhankelijk van wat nodig is voor de toepassing."@nl . "2016-01-20"^^ . . . . "La gasificaci\u00F3 \u00E9s el proc\u00E9s que converteix la biomassa o combustible f\u00F2ssil en mon\u00F2xid de carboni, hidrogen, di\u00F2xid de carboni i met\u00E0. Es fa servir aquest proc\u00E9s d'en\u00E7\u00E0 de prop de 180 anys. Aix\u00F2 s'aconsegueix fent reaccionar els materials a altes temperatures (>700 \u00B0C), sense combusti\u00F3, amb una quantitat controlada d'oxigen o vapor o les dues coses alhora. La mescla gasosa resultant s'anomena (de l'angl\u00E8s: synthesis gas o synthetic gas) o producer gas i \u00E9s tamb\u00E9 un combustible. L'energia derivada de la gasificaci\u00F3 de la biomassa i la combusti\u00F3 del gas que en resulta \u00E9s considerada com una font d'energia renovable; la gasificaci\u00F3 de combustible f\u00F2ssil derivat de materials com els pl\u00E0stics no es considera una energia renovable. L'avantatge de la gasificaci\u00F3 \u00E9s que usant el syngas \u00E9s potencialment m\u00E9s eficient que la combusti\u00F3 directa del combustible original perqu\u00E8 es pot fer la combusti\u00F3 a temperatures m\u00E9s altes o fins i tot en c\u00E8l\u00B7lula de combustible amb el l\u00EDmit definit per la regla de Carnot m\u00E9s alt o no aplicable."@ca . . "Gaz\u00E9ification"@fr . . . . . . . . . "Gaseifica\u00E7\u00E3o - s\u00E3o processos que transformam combust\u00EDveis s\u00F3lidos ou l\u00EDquidos em uma mistura combust\u00EDvel de gases, chamada g\u00E1s de s\u00EDntese. Este g\u00E1s pode ser queimado diretamente ou usado na produ\u00E7\u00E3o de pl\u00E1sticos e at\u00E9 transformado em combust\u00EDveis l\u00EDquidos. Utiliza-se como mat\u00E9ria-prima materiais geralmente ricos em carbono, como carv\u00E3o, madeira, ou outros tipos de biomassa."@pt . . . "\uAC00\uC2A4\uD654(Gasification)\uB780 \uD654\uC11D\uC5F0\uB8CC\uB098 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uC720\uAE30\uBB3C\uC744 \uC5F0\uB8CC\uB85C \uC4F0\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uAE30\uCCB4\uB85C \uBD84\uD574\uD558\uB294 \uACFC\uC815\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "La gaz\u00E9ification est un processus \u00E0 la fronti\u00E8re entre la pyrolyse et la combustion. Celui-ci permet de convertir des mati\u00E8res carbon\u00E9es ou organiques en un gaz de synth\u00E8se combustible (souvent appel\u00E9 \u00AB syngas \u00BB ou \u00AB syngaz \u00BB), compos\u00E9 majoritairement de monoxyde de carbone (CO) et de dihydrog\u00E8ne (H2), contrairement \u00E0 la combustion dont les produits majoritaires sont le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et l'eau (H2O)."@fr . . . "\u6C14\u5316\u53CD\u5E94"@zh . . "Gasifikazio"@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u062A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u063A\u0627\u0632\u064A \u064A\u062F\u0639\u0649 \u063A\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . "F\u00F6rgasning"@sv . . "Gaseifica\u00E7\u00E3o - s\u00E3o processos que transformam combust\u00EDveis s\u00F3lidos ou l\u00EDquidos em uma mistura combust\u00EDvel de gases, chamada g\u00E1s de s\u00EDntese. Este g\u00E1s pode ser queimado diretamente ou usado na produ\u00E7\u00E3o de pl\u00E1sticos e at\u00E9 transformado em combust\u00EDveis l\u00EDquidos. Utiliza-se como mat\u00E9ria-prima materiais geralmente ricos em carbono, como carv\u00E3o, madeira, ou outros tipos de biomassa. Existem diversas tecnologias de gaseifica\u00E7\u00E3o, a maioria utiliza quantidades de oxig\u00EAnio inferiores \u00E0 quantidade estequiom\u00E9trica para a combust\u00E3o completa, de modo que a mistura de gases restantes da rea\u00E7\u00E3o seja ainda um combust\u00EDvel. Em alguns casos, utiliza-se tamb\u00E9m vapor de \u00E1gua.A mistura de g\u00E1s resultante \u00E9 chamado de g\u00E1s de s\u00EDntese, que pode ser usado como combust\u00EDvel. A gaseifica\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 essencialmente usada para extrair energia a partir de compostos org\u00E2nicos."@pt . "Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 \u00B0C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel due to the flammability of the H2 and CO of which the gas is largely composed. Power can be derived from the subsequent combustion of the resultant gas, and is considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from biomass feedstock. An advantage of gasification is that syngas can be more efficient than direct combustion of the original feedstock material because it can be combusted at higher temperatures so that the thermodynamic upper limit to the efficiency defined by Carnot's rule is higher. Syngas may also be used as the hydrogen source in fuel cells, however the syngas produced by most gasification systems requires additional processing and reforming to remove the contaminants and other gases such as CO and CO2 to be suitable for low-temperature fuel cell use, but high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells are capable of directly accepting mixtures of steam, and methane. Syngas is most commonly burned directly in gas engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer\u2013Tropsch process into synthetic fuel. For some materials gasification can be an alternative to landfilling and incineration, resulting in lowered emissions of atmospheric pollutants such as methane and particulates. Some gasification processes aim at refining out corrosive ash elements such as chloride and potassium, allowing clean gas production from otherwise problematic feedstock material. Gasification of fossil fuels is currently widely used on industrial scales to generate electricity. Gasification can generate lower amounts of some pollutants as SOx and NOx than combustion."@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0632"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 \u00B0C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel due to the flammability of the H2 and CO of which the gas is largely composed. Power can be derived from the subsequent combustion of the resultant gas, and is considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from biomass feedstock."@en . . . "Gasifikasi adalah suatu proses perubahan bahan bakar padat secara termokimia menjadi gas, di mana udara yang diperlukan lebih rendah dari udara yang digunakan untuk . Selama proses gasifikasi reaksi kimia utama yang terjadi adalah endotermis (memerlukan panas dari luar selama proses berlangsung). Media yang paling umum digunakan pada proses gasifikasi ialah udara dan uap. Produk yang dihasilkan dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga bagian utama, yaitu padatan, cairan (termasuk gas yang dapat dikondensasikan), dan gas permanen. Gas yang dihasilkan dari gasifikasi dengan menggunakan udara mempunyai nilai kalor yang lebih rendah tetapi di sisi lain proses operasi menjadi lebih sederhana. Beberapa keunggulan dari teknologi gasifikasi yaitu: 1. \n* Mampu menghasilkan produk gas yang konsisten yang dapat digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik 2. \n* Mampu memproses beragam input bahan bakar termasuk batu bara, (heavy crude oil), biomassa, berbagai macam (municipal waste), dan lain sebagainya 3. \n* Mampu mengubah sampah yang bernilai rendah menjadi produk yang bernilai lebih tinggi 4. \n* Mampu mengurangi jumlah sampah padat 5. \n* Gas yang dihasilkan tidak mengandung furan dan dioksin yang berbahaya"@in . . . . . "La gasificaci\u00F3n es un proceso termoqu\u00EDmico en el que un sustrato carbonoso (carb\u00F3n, biomasa, pl\u00E1stico) es transformado en un gas combustible mediante una serie de reacciones que ocurren en presencia de un agente gasificante (aire, ox\u00EDgeno, vapor de agua o hidr\u00F3geno).\u200B"@es . "La gassificazione \u00E8 un processo chimico che permette di convertire materiale ricco di carbonio, quale ad esempio carbone, petrolio o biomassa, in monossido di carbonio, idrogeno e altre sostanze gassose. Il processo di degradazione termica avviene a temperature elevate (superiori a 700-800 \u00B0C), in presenza di una percentuale sotto-stechiometrica di un agente ossidante, tipicamente aria (ossigeno) o vapore. La miscela gassosa risultante costituisce quello che viene definito gas di sintesi e rappresenta essa stessa un combustibile. La gassificazione \u00E8 un metodo per ottenere energia da differenti tipi di materiali organici e trova anche applicazione nel trattamento dei rifiuti termico dei rifiuti e viene utilizzato sfruttando un sistema detto gassificatore. L'uso del processo di gassificazione per la produzione di calore presenta alcuni vantaggi rispetto alla combustione diretta, a prezzo, tuttavia, dell'introduzione di alcune complicazioni impiantistiche. Il syngas pu\u00F2 essere bruciato direttamente in motori a combustione interna, o utilizzato per produrre metanolo o idrogeno, o convertito tramite il processo Fischer-Tropsch in combustibile sintetico. Ad oggi, tuttavia, sono assai poco numerosi gli impianti che producono combustibili sintetici da gassificazione e quelli esistenti utilizzano principalmente il carbone come materia prima. La gassificazione, infatti, pu\u00F2 anche utilizzare materie prime altrimenti poco utili quali combustibili, come i rifiuti organici. Inoltre, il processo di gassificazione permette di togliere con le ceneri elementi altrimenti problematici per la successiva fase di combustione, quali ad esempio cloro e potassio, consentendo la conseguente produzione di un gas molto pulito. La combustione dei combustibili fossili \u00E8 attualmente ampiamente utilizzata su scala industriale per produrre energia elettrica. Per\u00F2, considerato che quasi ogni tipo di materiale organico pu\u00F2 essere utilizzato quale materia prima per la gassificazione, come il legno, la biomassa, o persino la plastica, questa pu\u00F2 essere una tecnologia utile nell'ambito dell'incremento del contributo fornito dall'energia rinnovabile. Al processo di gassificazione della biomassa, come agli altri processi di combustione, potrebbero venire applicate tecnologie per la cattura e il sequestro delle emissioni di anidride carbonica. La gassificazione si fonda su processi chimici che avvengono a temperature superiori ai 700 \u00B0C, il che la differenzia dai processi biologici quali la digestione anaerobica che produce biogas a temperature di poco superiori a quella ambiente, ad esempio il gas d'aria."@it . . "La gassificazione \u00E8 un processo chimico che permette di convertire materiale ricco di carbonio, quale ad esempio carbone, petrolio o biomassa, in monossido di carbonio, idrogeno e altre sostanze gassose. La gassificazione si fonda su processi chimici che avvengono a temperature superiori ai 700 \u00B0C, il che la differenzia dai processi biologici quali la digestione anaerobica che produce biogas a temperature di poco superiori a quella ambiente, ad esempio il gas d'aria."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gasification"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F (\u0440\u043E\u0441.\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. gasification, \u043D\u0456\u043C. Vergasung f, Gasifikation f, Gasifizierung f) \u2013 \n* 1) \u0428\u0442\u0443\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438. \n* 2) \u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u044F\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043E\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0456, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044F \u2014 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6C14\u5316\u53CD\u5E94\uFF08Gasification\uFF09\u662F\u8F6C\u6362\u6709\u673A\u7684\u6216\u5316\u77F3\u71C3\u6599\u7684\u78B3\u8D28\u7269\u6599\u4E3A\u4E00\u6C27\u5316\u78B3\uFF0C\u6C22\u6C14\u548C\u4E8C\u6C27\u5316\u78B3\u7684\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002\u8FD9\u662F\u901A\u8FC7\u5728\u9AD8\u6E29\u4E0B\uFF08>700\u2103\uFF09\u65F6\uFF0C\u7269\u6599\u4E0D\u5B8C\u5168\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E0E\u53D7\u63A7\u91CF\u6C27\u6C14\u548C/\u6216\u6C34\u84B8\u6C14\u53D1\u751F\u7684\u53CD\u5E94\u6765\u5B9E\u73B0\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u6C14\u4F53\u6DF7\u5408\u7269\u79F0\u4E3A\u5408\u6210\u6C14\uFF08syngas\uFF09\uFF0C\u672C\u8EAB\u662F\u71C3\u6599\u3002\u5982\u679C\u4ECE\u751F\u7269\u8D28\u5F97\u5230\u7684\u6C14\u5316\u5316\u5408\u7269\uFF0C\u6C14\u5316\u53CD\u5E94\u672C\u8EAB\u4E0E\u4EA7\u751F\u6C14\u4F53\u7684\u71C3\u70E7\u6240\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u52A8\u529B\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u662F\u53EF\u518D\u751F\u80FD\u6E90\u7684\u6765\u6E90\u3002 \u6C14\u5316\u53CD\u5E94\u7684\u4F18\u70B9\u5728\u4E8E\uFF0C\u4F7F\u7528\u5408\u6210\u6C14\u53EF\u80FD\u6BD4\u539F\u71C3\u6599\u7684\u76F4\u63A5\u71C3\u70E7\u66F4\u6709\u6548\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u5728\u8F83\u9AD8\u7684\u6E29\u5EA6\u88AB\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u751A\u81F3\u5728\u71C3\u6599\u7535\u6C60\u4E2D\u88AB\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u4EE5\u4F7F\u7531\u5361\u8BFA\u5B9A\u7406\u5B9A\u4E49\u6548\u7387\u7684\u70ED\u529B\u5B66\u4E0A\u9650\u66F4\u9AD8\u6216\uFF08\u5728\u71C3\u6599\u7535\u6C60\u4E2D\u7684\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF09\u4E0D\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5408\u6210\u6C14\u53EF\u80FD\u76F4\u63A5\u5728\u71C3\u6C14\u5185\u71C3\u673A\u4E2D\u88AB\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u88AB\u7528\u4E8E\u4EA7\u751F\u7532\u9187\u548C\u6C22\uFF0C\u6216\u901A\u8FC7\u8D39\u6258\u5408\u6210\u65B9\u6CD5\u88AB\u8F6C\u5316\u4E3A\u5408\u6210\u71C3\u6599\u3002\u6C14\u5316\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5F00\u59CB\u4F7F\u7528\u672C\u6765\u4F1A\u5C06\u88AB\u4E22\u5F03\u7684\u6750\u6599\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u751F\u7269\u964D\u89E3\u5783\u573E\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u9AD8\u6E29\u5DE5\u827A\u7CBE\u70BC\u51FA\u8150\u8680\u6027\u7684\u7070\u6E23\u5143\u7D20\u5982\u6C2F\u5316\u7269\u548C\u94BE\uFF0C\u5141\u8BB8\u4ECE\u6765\u81EA\u5B58\u5728\u95EE\u9898\u71C3\u6599\u751F\u4EA7\u51FA\u6E05\u6D01\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6C14\u4EA7\u54C1\u3002\u5316\u77F3\u71C3\u6599\u7684\u6C14\u5316\u76EE\u524D\u88AB\u5E7F\u6CDB\u4F7F\u7528\u4EE5\u5DE5\u4E1A\u89C4\u6A21\u751F\u4EA7\u7535\u529B\u3002"@zh . . . . "Gasificatie"@nl . . . . . "Zply\u0148ov\u00E1n\u00ED je proces, kter\u00FD p\u0159em\u011B\u0148uje organick\u00E9 materi\u00E1ly na ho\u0159lav\u00E9 plyny."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . "262256"^^ . . "Gasificaci\u00F3n"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uAC00\uC2A4\uD654"@ko . . . . . . "Gassificazione"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vergasen beschreibt einen chemisch-physikalischen Vorgang, bei dem ein Teil eines Feststoffs oder einer Fl\u00FCssigkeit in ein gasf\u00F6rmiges Endprodukt \u00FCberf\u00FChrt wird. Dies geschieht durch Erhitzung, gegebenenfalls unter einer speziellen, sauerstoffarmen Atmosph\u00E4re."@de . . . . . "\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043C (1000\u20142000 \u00B0C) \u043D\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C (\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445, \u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440, CO2 \u0438\u043B\u0438, \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435, \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0441\u044C). \u041F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043F\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0430\u043F\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u2014 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432. \u0421\u044B\u0440\u044C\u0451\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043E\u043B\u044C, \u0431\u0443\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043E\u043B\u044C, \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0446\u044B, \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0444, \u0434\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u043C\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0442, \u0433\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043D. \u0421\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A\u0443\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0445\u043E\u0434\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u2014 \u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0437, \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439: C + O2 \u2192 CO2 + 408,9 \u043A\u0414\u0436/\u043C\u043E\u043B\u044CC + \u00BDO2 \u2192 CO + 123,2 \u043A\u0414\u0436/\u043C\u043E\u043B\u044CC + CO2 \u2192 2CO \u2014 161,5 \u043A\u0414\u0436/\u043C\u043E\u043B\u044CC + H2O \u2192 CO + H2 \u2014 136,9 \u043A\u0414\u0436/\u043C\u043E\u043B\u044CCO + H2O \u2192 CO2 + H2 + 42,8 \u043A\u0414\u0436/\u043C\u043E\u043B\u044C, \u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0442\u044B \u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "F\u00F6rgasning \u00E4r en process d\u00E4r ett organiskt br\u00E4nsle reagerar med en kontrollerad m\u00E4ngd syre och/eller vatten\u00E5nga, och d\u00E4rmed omvandlas till kolmonoxid och v\u00E4tgas. Kolmonoxid och v\u00E4tgas i f\u00F6rh\u00E5llandet fr\u00E5n 1:1 upp till cirka 1:2 kallas syntesgas och kan med Fischer-Tropsch-processen konverteras till kolv\u00E4ten i olika m\u00E4ngder och former. Kolv\u00E4ten \u00E4r best\u00E5ndsdelen i alla drivmedel, fr\u00E5n gasol till diesel och bensin. Processen \u00E4r svagt exoterm."@sv . "Zgazowanie \u2013 proces technologiczny polegaj\u0105cy na przeprowadzeniu paliwa sta\u0142ego lub p\u0142ynnego o du\u017Cej zawarto\u015Bci w\u0119gla w paliwo gazowe w wyniku rozk\u0142adu termicznego wobec kontrolowanej ilo\u015Bci powietrza lub pary wodnej. W trakcie procesu paliwo ulega cz\u0119\u015Bciowemu spaleniu. Zgazowaniu najcz\u0119\u015Bciej poddaje si\u0119 w\u0119gle kopalne, rop\u0119 naftow\u0105 i biomas\u0119. Procesy: \n* I generacji: Lurgi, Winkler, Koppers-Totzek \n* II generacji: Texaco, Hygas \n* III generacji:"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vergasen"@de . . . . "La gaz\u00E9ification est un processus \u00E0 la fronti\u00E8re entre la pyrolyse et la combustion. Celui-ci permet de convertir des mati\u00E8res carbon\u00E9es ou organiques en un gaz de synth\u00E8se combustible (souvent appel\u00E9 \u00AB syngas \u00BB ou \u00AB syngaz \u00BB), compos\u00E9 majoritairement de monoxyde de carbone (CO) et de dihydrog\u00E8ne (H2), contrairement \u00E0 la combustion dont les produits majoritaires sont le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et l'eau (H2O)."@fr . . . . . . . . . . "Zgazowanie"@pl . . . . . . . . . "La gasificaci\u00F3 \u00E9s el proc\u00E9s que converteix la biomassa o combustible f\u00F2ssil en mon\u00F2xid de carboni, hidrogen, di\u00F2xid de carboni i met\u00E0. Es fa servir aquest proc\u00E9s d'en\u00E7\u00E0 de prop de 180 anys. Aix\u00F2 s'aconsegueix fent reaccionar els materials a altes temperatures (>700 \u00B0C), sense combusti\u00F3, amb una quantitat controlada d'oxigen o vapor o les dues coses alhora. La mescla gasosa resultant s'anomena (de l'angl\u00E8s: synthesis gas o synthetic gas) o producer gas i \u00E9s tamb\u00E9 un combustible. L'energia derivada de la gasificaci\u00F3 de la biomassa i la combusti\u00F3 del gas que en resulta \u00E9s considerada com una font d'energia renovable; la gasificaci\u00F3 de combustible f\u00F2ssil derivat de materials com els pl\u00E0stics no es considera una energia renovable."@ca . "Gaseifica\u00E7\u00E3o"@pt . . . "\u6C14\u5316\u53CD\u5E94\uFF08Gasification\uFF09\u662F\u8F6C\u6362\u6709\u673A\u7684\u6216\u5316\u77F3\u71C3\u6599\u7684\u78B3\u8D28\u7269\u6599\u4E3A\u4E00\u6C27\u5316\u78B3\uFF0C\u6C22\u6C14\u548C\u4E8C\u6C27\u5316\u78B3\u7684\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002\u8FD9\u662F\u901A\u8FC7\u5728\u9AD8\u6E29\u4E0B\uFF08>700\u2103\uFF09\u65F6\uFF0C\u7269\u6599\u4E0D\u5B8C\u5168\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E0E\u53D7\u63A7\u91CF\u6C27\u6C14\u548C/\u6216\u6C34\u84B8\u6C14\u53D1\u751F\u7684\u53CD\u5E94\u6765\u5B9E\u73B0\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u6C14\u4F53\u6DF7\u5408\u7269\u79F0\u4E3A\u5408\u6210\u6C14\uFF08syngas\uFF09\uFF0C\u672C\u8EAB\u662F\u71C3\u6599\u3002\u5982\u679C\u4ECE\u751F\u7269\u8D28\u5F97\u5230\u7684\u6C14\u5316\u5316\u5408\u7269\uFF0C\u6C14\u5316\u53CD\u5E94\u672C\u8EAB\u4E0E\u4EA7\u751F\u6C14\u4F53\u7684\u71C3\u70E7\u6240\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u52A8\u529B\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u662F\u53EF\u518D\u751F\u80FD\u6E90\u7684\u6765\u6E90\u3002 \u6C14\u5316\u53CD\u5E94\u7684\u4F18\u70B9\u5728\u4E8E\uFF0C\u4F7F\u7528\u5408\u6210\u6C14\u53EF\u80FD\u6BD4\u539F\u71C3\u6599\u7684\u76F4\u63A5\u71C3\u70E7\u66F4\u6709\u6548\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u5728\u8F83\u9AD8\u7684\u6E29\u5EA6\u88AB\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u751A\u81F3\u5728\u71C3\u6599\u7535\u6C60\u4E2D\u88AB\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u4EE5\u4F7F\u7531\u5361\u8BFA\u5B9A\u7406\u5B9A\u4E49\u6548\u7387\u7684\u70ED\u529B\u5B66\u4E0A\u9650\u66F4\u9AD8\u6216\uFF08\u5728\u71C3\u6599\u7535\u6C60\u4E2D\u7684\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF09\u4E0D\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5408\u6210\u6C14\u53EF\u80FD\u76F4\u63A5\u5728\u71C3\u6C14\u5185\u71C3\u673A\u4E2D\u88AB\u71C3\u70E7\uFF0C\u88AB\u7528\u4E8E\u4EA7\u751F\u7532\u9187\u548C\u6C22\uFF0C\u6216\u901A\u8FC7\u8D39\u6258\u5408\u6210\u65B9\u6CD5\u88AB\u8F6C\u5316\u4E3A\u5408\u6210\u71C3\u6599\u3002\u6C14\u5316\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5F00\u59CB\u4F7F\u7528\u672C\u6765\u4F1A\u5C06\u88AB\u4E22\u5F03\u7684\u6750\u6599\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u751F\u7269\u964D\u89E3\u5783\u573E\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u9AD8\u6E29\u5DE5\u827A\u7CBE\u70BC\u51FA\u8150\u8680\u6027\u7684\u7070\u6E23\u5143\u7D20\u5982\u6C2F\u5316\u7269\u548C\u94BE\uFF0C\u5141\u8BB8\u4ECE\u6765\u81EA\u5B58\u5728\u95EE\u9898\u71C3\u6599\u751F\u4EA7\u51FA\u6E05\u6D01\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6C14\u4EA7\u54C1\u3002\u5316\u77F3\u71C3\u6599\u7684\u6C14\u5316\u76EE\u524D\u88AB\u5E7F\u6CDB\u4F7F\u7528\u4EE5\u5DE5\u4E1A\u89C4\u6A21\u751F\u4EA7\u7535\u529B\u3002"@zh . . . . "F\u00F6rgasning \u00E4r en process d\u00E4r ett organiskt br\u00E4nsle reagerar med en kontrollerad m\u00E4ngd syre och/eller vatten\u00E5nga, och d\u00E4rmed omvandlas till kolmonoxid och v\u00E4tgas. Kolmonoxid och v\u00E4tgas i f\u00F6rh\u00E5llandet fr\u00E5n 1:1 upp till cirka 1:2 kallas syntesgas och kan med Fischer-Tropsch-processen konverteras till kolv\u00E4ten i olika m\u00E4ngder och former. Kolv\u00E4ten \u00E4r best\u00E5ndsdelen i alla drivmedel, fr\u00E5n gasol till diesel och bensin. Processen \u00E4r svagt exoterm."@sv . . . "1106099480"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gasifikasi adalah suatu proses perubahan bahan bakar padat secara termokimia menjadi gas, di mana udara yang diperlukan lebih rendah dari udara yang digunakan untuk . Selama proses gasifikasi reaksi kimia utama yang terjadi adalah endotermis (memerlukan panas dari luar selama proses berlangsung). Media yang paling umum digunakan pada proses gasifikasi ialah udara dan uap. Produk yang dihasilkan dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga bagian utama, yaitu padatan, cairan (termasuk gas yang dapat dikondensasikan), dan gas permanen. Gas yang dihasilkan dari gasifikasi dengan menggunakan udara mempunyai nilai kalor yang lebih rendah tetapi di sisi lain proses operasi menjadi lebih sederhana."@in . . . "Gasifikasi"@in . . "La gasificaci\u00F3n es un proceso termoqu\u00EDmico en el que un sustrato carbonoso (carb\u00F3n, biomasa, pl\u00E1stico) es transformado en un gas combustible mediante una serie de reacciones que ocurren en presencia de un agente gasificante (aire, ox\u00EDgeno, vapor de agua o hidr\u00F3geno).\u200B La composici\u00F3n del gas es muy dependiente de las condiciones en las que se realiza la gasificaci\u00F3n pero suelen ser ricos en mon\u00F3xido de carbono y/o hidr\u00F3geno, con contenidos menores de di\u00F3xido de carbono, metano y otros hidrocarburos.\u200B El sustrato carbonoso de origen y el agente gasificante son los par\u00E1metros que determinan el mayor o menor contenido en energ\u00EDa (poder calor\u00EDfico) del gas. Una ventaja de la gasificaci\u00F3n es que la combusti\u00F3n directa del gas producto puede ser m\u00E1s eficiente que la del sustrato de alimentaci\u00F3n original, debido a que puede quemarse a temperaturas m\u00E1s altas, de modo que el l\u00EDmite superior termodin\u00E1mico definido por Carnot es m\u00E1s alto. El gas de s\u00EDntesis tambi\u00E9n se puede utilizar como fuente de hidr\u00F3geno en las pilas de combustible; sin embargo, el gas de s\u00EDntesis producido por la mayor\u00EDa de los sistemas de gasificaci\u00F3n requiere un procesamiento y reformado adicionales para eliminar los contaminantes y otros gases como el CO y el CO2 para que sea adecuado para su uso de pilas de combustible de baja temperatura, aunque las pilas de combustible de \u00F3xido s\u00F3lido de alta temperatura son capaces de aceptar directamente mezclas de H2, CO, CO2, H2O y CH4.\u200B"@es . . "Vergasen beschreibt einen chemisch-physikalischen Vorgang, bei dem ein Teil eines Feststoffs oder einer Fl\u00FCssigkeit in ein gasf\u00F6rmiges Endprodukt \u00FCberf\u00FChrt wird. Dies geschieht durch Erhitzung, gegebenenfalls unter einer speziellen, sauerstoffarmen Atmosph\u00E4re."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Zgazowanie \u2013 proces technologiczny polegaj\u0105cy na przeprowadzeniu paliwa sta\u0142ego lub p\u0142ynnego o du\u017Cej zawarto\u015Bci w\u0119gla w paliwo gazowe w wyniku rozk\u0142adu termicznego wobec kontrolowanej ilo\u015Bci powietrza lub pary wodnej. W trakcie procesu paliwo ulega cz\u0119\u015Bciowemu spaleniu. Zgazowaniu najcz\u0119\u015Bciej poddaje si\u0119 w\u0119gle kopalne, rop\u0119 naftow\u0105 i biomas\u0119. Procesy: \n* I generacji: Lurgi, Winkler, Koppers-Totzek \n* II generacji: Texaco, Hygas \n* III generacji:"@pl . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062D\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u062A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u063A\u0627\u0632\u064A \u064A\u062F\u0639\u0649 \u063A\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . "Zply\u0148ov\u00E1n\u00ED je proces, kter\u00FD p\u0159em\u011B\u0148uje organick\u00E9 materi\u00E1ly na ho\u0159lav\u00E9 plyny."@cs . . . . . "\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043C (1000\u20142000 \u00B0C) \u043D\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C (\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445, \u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440, CO2 \u0438\u043B\u0438, \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435, \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0441\u044C). \u041F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043F\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0430\u043F\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u2014 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432. \u0421\u044B\u0440\u044C\u0451\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043E\u043B\u044C, \u0431\u0443\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043E\u043B\u044C, \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0446\u044B, \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0444, \u0434\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u043C\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0442, \u0433\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043D. \u0421\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A\u0443\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0445\u043E\u0434\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u2014 \u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0437, \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439:"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "39597"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gasificatie (meestal vergassing genoemd) is het chemische proces waarbij een materiaal bij hoge temperatuur (1.300 tot 1.500 \u00B0C) wordt omgezet in een mengsel van voornamelijk koolmonoxide (CO) en waterstof (H2). Het aldus ontstane gasmengsel wordt ook synthesegas of stadsgas genoemd. De hoge temperatuur wordt bereikt door gedeeltelijke oxidatie van het materiaal met afgepaste hoeveelheden stoom, lucht en/of zuurstof. Het synthesegas kent verschillende toepassingen. Zo wordt op basis van synthesegas waterstof geproduceerd, maar ook methanol en Fischer-Tropschbrandstoffen. Door toevoeging van meer of minder stoom kan men de verhouding tussen waterstof en koolmonoxide regelen, afhankelijk van wat nodig is voor de toepassing. Uitgangsmateriaal zijn over het algemeen koolwaterstoffen, zoals steenkool (zie ook Kolenvergassing), biomassa (onder meer kippenmest) en aardgas. Nederland loopt in het onderzoek naar vergassing internationaal voorop. Shell is internationaal toonaangevend. Het Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland richt zich met name op vergassing van biomassa. Een voorbeeld van de toepassing in de praktijk is de Willem-Alexander Centrale te Buggenum in Limburg. De Willem-Alexander Centrale was eerder bekend onder de projectnaam \"Demkolec\", dat stond voor \"Demonstratie Kolenvergassing voor Elektriciteitsopwekking\". De meeste vergassers werken met hoge temperaturen (1.300 tot 1.500 \u00B0C) en gebruiken kolen van relatief hoge kwaliteit. Bij deze temperaturen smelt een deel van de assen en verontreinigingen met slakvorming tot gevolg. De slakken vervuilen de installatie en beschadigen onder meer de hittewerende bekleding van de reactor, zodat herstel of vervanging ongeveer elke vijf jaar noodzakelijk is. Doordat de restprodukten deels smelten lenen hogetemperatuurvergassers zich niet voor kolen van lage kwaliteit of bruinkool, omdat deze te veel assen opleveren. Bruinkool is echter wel in ruime mate beschikbaar en goedkoop. De goedkope brandstoffen staan onder meer vanwege de aanzienlijke hoeveelheid vrijkomend CO2 als milieu-onvriendelijk te boek. In Amerika is daarom o.a. door Southern Company een alternatieve vergassingstechnologie, TRIG-technologie (Transport Integrated Gasification) ontwikkeld speciaal geschikt voor bruinkool. Dit proced\u00E9 werkt bij een temperatuur van 980 \u00B0C waardoor er veel minder slakken ontstaan."@nl . . "\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F (\u0440\u043E\u0441.\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. gasification, \u043D\u0456\u043C. Vergasung f, Gasifikation f, Gasifizierung f) \u2013 \n* 1) \u0428\u0442\u0443\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438. \n* 2) \u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0433\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u044F\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043E\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0456, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044F \u2014 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457"@uk . . . "\uAC00\uC2A4\uD654(Gasification)\uB780 \uD654\uC11D\uC5F0\uB8CC\uB098 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uC720\uAE30\uBB3C\uC744 \uC5F0\uB8CC\uB85C \uC4F0\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uAE30\uCCB4\uB85C \uBD84\uD574\uD558\uB294 \uACFC\uC815\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .