"25382732"^^ . . . . . . . . "Ketocarbonzuur"@nl . . . "\u916E\u9178\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AKeto acid\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7C7B\u5728\u751F\u7269\u4F53\u5185\u62E5\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u4F5C\u7528\u7684\u6709\u673A\u9178\uFF0C\u5728\u6C28\u57FA\u9178\u65B0\u9648\u4EE3\u8C22\u548C\u7EF4\u6301\u6C27\u5316\u8FD8\u539F\u72B6\u6001\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u5B83\u8D77\u4E00\u4E2A\u4E2D\u5FC3\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u916E\u9178\u5206\u4E24\u79CD\uFF1A \n* \u03B1-\u916E\u9178\u542B\u6709\u6C28\u57FA\u9178\u7684\u78B3\u7ED3\u6784\u9AA8\u67B6\u3002 \n* \u03B2-\u916E\u9178\u662F\u9AD8\u80FD\u91CF\u7684\uFF08\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\u7684\uFF09\u4EE3\u8B1D\u7269\uFF0C\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u5931\u53BB\u7FA7\u57FA\u540C\u65F6\u91CA\u653E\u80FD\u91CF\u4FC3\u8FDB\u5176\u5B83\u53CD\u5E94\u8FDB\u884C\uFF08\u8131\u7FA7\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "\u30B1\u30C8\u9178"@ja . . . . "In organic chemistry, keto acids or ketoacids (also called oxo acids or oxoacids) are organic compounds that contain a carboxylic acid group (\u2212COOH) and a ketone group (>C=O). In several cases, the keto group is hydrated. The alpha-keto acids are especially important in biology as they are involved in the Krebs citric acid cycle and in glycolysis. Common types of keto acids include: \n* Alpha-keto acids, alpha-ketoacids, or 2-oxoacids have the keto group adjacent to the carboxylic acid. They often arise by oxidative deamination of amino acids, and reciprocally, they are precursors to the same. Alpha-keto acids possesses extensive chemistry as acylation agents. Furthermore, alpha-keto acids such as phenylpyruvic acid are endogenous sources for carbon monoxide (as a gasotransmitter) and pharmaceutical prodrug scaffold. Important representatives: \n* pyruvic acid, pervasive intermediate in metabolism. \n* oxaloacetic acid, a component of the Krebs cycle. \n* alpha-ketoglutarate, a 5-carbon ketoacid derived from glutamic acid. Alpha-ketoglutarate participates in cell signaling by functioning as a coenzyme. It is commonly used in transamination reactions. \n* Beta-keto acids, beta-ketoacids, or 3-oxoacids, such as acetoacetic acid, have the ketone group at the second carbon from the carboxylic acid. They generally form by the Claisen condensation. The presence of the keto group at the beta position allows them to easily undergo thermal decarboxylation. \n* Gamma-keto acids, Gamma-ketoacids, or 4-oxoacids have the ketone group at the third carbon from the carboxylic acid. Levulinic acid is an example. Keto acids appear in a wide variety of anabolic pathways in metabolism. For instance, in plants (specifically, in hemlock, pitcher plants, and fool's parsley), 5-oxo-octanoic acid is converted in enzymatic and non-enzymatic steps into the cyclic class of coniine alkaloids. When ingested sugars and carbohydrate levels are low, stored fats and proteins are the primary source of energy production. Glucogenic amino acids from proteins are converted to glucose. Ketogenic amino acids can be deaminated to produce alpha keto acids and ketone bodies. Alpha keto acids are used primarily as energy for liver cells and in fatty acid synthesis, also in the liver."@en . . . "\u041E\u0301\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442, \u0443 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0430\u0445 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0456\u043C \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0430 (RH=O) \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0430 (R1(C=O)R2)."@uk . . . . "Les c\u00E9toacides sont des acides organiques portant une fonction acide carboxylique et une fonction c\u00E9tone. On divise cette famille en sous-familles, en classant les compos\u00E9s par rapport aux positions respectives des deux fonctions. On compte parmi ces sous-familles: \n* les alpha-c\u00E9toacides, ou 2-oxoacides, qui comme l'acide pyruvique ou le 2-oxoglutarate ou le 2-oxoisoval\u00E9rate, ont leur fonction c\u00E9tone adjacente \u00E0 leur groupe carboxyle (sur le carbone \u03B1). Ces 2-oxoacides jouent un r\u00F4le important dans le m\u00E9tabolisme \u00E9nerg\u00E9tique, o\u00F9 ils sont le substrat de d\u00E9shydrog\u00E9nases sp\u00E9cifiques qui r\u00E9alisent la d\u00E9carboxylation oxydante de ces acides, avec lib\u00E9ration de CO2. La pyruvate d\u00E9shydrog\u00E9nase et la 2-oxoglutarate d\u00E9shydrog\u00E9nase sont des enzymes du cycle de Krebs. \n* les b\u00EAta-c\u00E9toacides, ou 3-oxoacides, qui comme l'acide ac\u00E9tylac\u00E9tique porte le groupe carbonyle sur le deuxi\u00E8me carbone apr\u00E8s le groupe carboxyle (carbone \u03B2) ; \n* les gamma-c\u00E9toacides, ou 4-oxoacides, qui comme l'acide l\u00E9vulinique ont leur groupe carbonyle sur le troisi\u00E8me carbone apr\u00E8s le groupe carboxyle (carbone \u03B3) Certains acides amin\u00E9s peuvent \u00EAtre d\u00E9amin\u00E9s enzymatiquement, produisant un alpha-c\u00E9toacide. Les alpha-c\u00E9toacides sont avant tout utilis\u00E9s comme source d'\u00E9nergie, comme le 2-oxoglutarate qui est un interm\u00E9diaire du cycle de Krebs, ainsi que dans la synth\u00E8se des acides gras. Chez les mammif\u00E8res, ces r\u00E9actions ont lieu dans le foie. En cas de sous-alimentation, le catabolisme est le principal moyen de production d'\u00E9nergie, au cours de laquelle les graisses et les prot\u00E9ines sont converties en glucose. dans ces conditions, les prot\u00E9ines sont converties en acides amin\u00E9s, qui sont ensuite convertis dans le foie en alpha-c\u00E9toacides. Les alpha-c\u00E9toacides sont ensuite convertis dans le foie en glucose, par un proc\u00E9d\u00E9 appel\u00E9 n\u00E9oglucogen\u00E8se."@fr . "\u041E\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ketosyra"@sv . "Ceto\u00E1cidos s\u00E3o \u00E1cidos org\u00E2nicos que cont\u00EAm um grupo funcional carbonila e um grupo \u00E1cido carbox\u00EDlico."@pt . . . . . . . . . "Ceto\u00E1cido"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uCF00\uD1A0\uC0B0 (keto\u9178,keto acids oxo acids)\uB294 \uD55C \uBD84\uC790 \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370\uC5D0 \uCE74\uBCF4\uB2D0\uAE30\uC640 \uCE74\uBCF5\uC2DC\uAE30\uAC00 \uD568\uAED8 \uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uC720\uAE30 \uD654\uD569\uBB3C\uC774\uB2E4. \uCF00\uD1A4\uACFC \uCE74\uBCF5\uC2E4\uC0B0\uC758 \uC131\uC9C8\uC744 \uC544\uC6B8\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0\uBA70, \uD53C\uB8E8\uBE0C\uC0B0, \uC544\uC138\uD1A0\uC544\uC138\uD2B8\uC0B0, (levulinic acid) \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uCF00\uD1A0\uC0B0 \uB610\uB294 \uC625\uC18C\uC0B0\uC740 \uCE74\uB974\uBCF5\uC2E4 \uC0B0\uAE30 \uBC0F \uCF00\uD1A4\uAE30\uB97C \uD568\uC720\uD558\uB294 \uC720\uAE30 \uD654\uD569\uBB3C\uC774\uB2E4. \uBA87\uBA87 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0, \uCF00\uD1A0(keto) \uADF8\uB8F9\uC740 \uC218\uD654\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC54C\uD30C-\uCF00\uD1A0\uC0B0(alpha-keto acid)\uC740 \uC2DC\uD2B8\uB974\uC0B0 \uD68C\uB85C(TCA)\uC640 \uD574\uB2F9\uACFC\uC815(Glycolysis)\uC5D0 \uAD00\uC5EC\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD558\uBA70 \uCE74\uBCF8\uBC31\uBCF8(carbon backbone)\uC758 \uBCC0\uD615\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uC694\uD558\uAC8C \uAD00\uC5EC\uD568\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uD2B9\uD788 \uC911\uC694\uD558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "I chetoacidi (o acidi chetonici) sono acidi carbossilici che presentano un gruppo carbonilico sulla catena carboniosa principale. A seconda della posizione del gruppo C=O sulla catena si possono avere gli alfa-chetoacidi (carbonile in posizione 2), i beta-chetoacidi (carbonile in posizione 3), i gamma-chetoacidi (carbonile in posizione 4) ecc."@it . . . "Ketokwasy karboksylowe, kwasy ketokarboksylowe, w skr\u00F3cie ketokwasy lub ketonokwasy \u2013 rodzaj , grupa organicznych zwi\u0105zk\u00F3w chemicznych, pochodnych kwas\u00F3w karboksylowych zawieraj\u0105cych jednocze\u015Bnie grup\u0119 karboksylow\u0105 i ketonow\u0105. W organizmach zwierz\u0105t wyst\u0119puj\u0105 trzy rodzaje ketokwas\u00F3w monokarboksylowych: \n* \u03B1-ketokwasy (\u03B1-oksokwasy) \u2013 w kt\u00F3rych ketonowa grupa karbonylowa jest bezpo\u015Brednio przy\u0142\u0105czona do atomu w\u0119gla grupy karboksylowej, np. kwas pirogronowy \n* \u03B2-ketokwasy (\u03B2-oksokwasy) \u2013 w kt\u00F3rych ketonowa grupa karbonylowa jest przy\u0142\u0105czana przez dodatkowy atom w\u0119gla, np. kwas acetylooctowy \n* \u03B3-ketokwasy (\u03B3-oksokwasy) \u2013 w kt\u00F3rych ketonowa grupa karbonylowa jest przy\u0142\u0105czana przez dwa atomy w\u0119gla, np. kwas lewulinowy Ponadto znane s\u0105 ketokwasy dwukarboksylowe, np. kwas mezoksalowy (HOOC\u2212C(O)\u2212COOH), kwas szczawiooctowy (HOOC\u2212C(O)\u2212CH2\u2212COOH) i kwas \u03B1-ketoglutarowy (HOOC\u2212C(O)\u2212CH2\u2212CH2\u2212COOH). Dwa ostatnie s\u0105 elementami cyklu Krebsa. W kom\u00F3rkach w\u0105troby nadwy\u017Cka aminokwas\u00F3w w organizmie pozbawiana jest grup aminowych. Doprowadza to do powstania amoniaku oraz ketokwas\u00F3w, kt\u00F3re mog\u0105 by\u0107 wykorzystane do syntezy cukr\u00F3w i niekt\u00F3rych innych aminokwas\u00F3w, zu\u017Cyte na cele energetyczne lub przekszta\u0142cone w t\u0142uszcze zapasowe. Niekt\u00F3re ketokwasy o szczeg\u00F3lnie du\u017Cym znaczeniu biologicznym mog\u0105 powstawa\u0107 na wyspecjalizowanych \u015Bcie\u017Ckach syntetycznych, na przyk\u0142ad kwas pirogronowy jest ko\u0144cowym produktem glikolizy."@pl . "Ketos\u00E4uren, auch Ketocarbons\u00E4uren, sind Carbons\u00E4uren, die eine zus\u00E4tzliche Ketogruppe enthalten. Sie geh\u00F6ren zu den Oxocarbons\u00E4uren. Ihre Eigenschaften sind durch den Abstand der beiden funktionellen Gruppen gepr\u00E4gt. Den Abstand bezeichnet man oft durch griechische Buchstaben (\u03B1-st\u00E4ndig = 1,2-Abstand, \u03B2-st\u00E4ndig = 1,3-Abstand etc.)."@de . . "\u30B1\u30C8\u9178\uFF08\u30B1\u30C8\u3055\u3093\u3001Keto acid\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B1\u30C8\u30F3\u57FA\u3068\u30AB\u30EB\u30DC\u30AD\u30B7\u30EB\u57FA\u3092\u542B\u3080\u6709\u6A5F\u9178\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\uCF00\uD1A0\uC0B0"@ko . . "\u916E\u9178\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AKeto acid\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7C7B\u5728\u751F\u7269\u4F53\u5185\u62E5\u6709\u91CD\u8981\u4F5C\u7528\u7684\u6709\u673A\u9178\uFF0C\u5728\u6C28\u57FA\u9178\u65B0\u9648\u4EE3\u8C22\u548C\u7EF4\u6301\u6C27\u5316\u8FD8\u539F\u72B6\u6001\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u5B83\u8D77\u4E00\u4E2A\u4E2D\u5FC3\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u916E\u9178\u5206\u4E24\u79CD\uFF1A \n* \u03B1-\u916E\u9178\u542B\u6709\u6C28\u57FA\u9178\u7684\u78B3\u7ED3\u6784\u9AA8\u67B6\u3002 \n* \u03B2-\u916E\u9178\u662F\u9AD8\u80FD\u91CF\u7684\uFF08\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\u7684\uFF09\u4EE3\u8B1D\u7269\uFF0C\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u5931\u53BB\u7FA7\u57FA\u540C\u65F6\u91CA\u653E\u80FD\u91CF\u4FC3\u8FDB\u5176\u5B83\u53CD\u5E94\u8FDB\u884C\uFF08\u8131\u7FA7\uFF09\u3002"@zh . "Oxokyseliny"@cs . . "\u041A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043C\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B -COOH \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0443 >C=O. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442: \n* \u03B1-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \n* \u03B2-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \n* \u03B3-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u041D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u03B1- \u0438 \u03B2-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430.\u041F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0443\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B. \u041A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442."@ru . . . . . . . . . . "Ceto\u00E1cido"@es . . . . . . "De ketocarbonzuren (kortweg ketozuren genoemd) vormen een stofklasse in de organische chemie en omvatten die verbinding die in hun structuur zowel een ketonfunctie als een carboxylgroep dragen."@nl . . . "C\u00E9toacide"@fr . . . . "\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648\u0646. \u062A\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u03B1 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0644 (\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0644\u064A) \u0645\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0646. \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644."@ar . . . . . "\u041E\u0301\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442, \u0443 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0430\u0445 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0456\u043C \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0430 (RH=O) \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0430 (R1(C=O)R2)."@uk . . . . . . . . "Keto acid"@en . . . . "\u041A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B"@ru . . . . . "Ceto\u00E1cidos s\u00E3o \u00E1cidos org\u00E2nicos que cont\u00EAm um grupo funcional carbonila e um grupo \u00E1cido carbox\u00EDlico."@pt . . . "Ketokwasy karboksylowe"@pl . "Ketos\u00E4uren, auch Ketocarbons\u00E4uren, sind Carbons\u00E4uren, die eine zus\u00E4tzliche Ketogruppe enthalten. Sie geh\u00F6ren zu den Oxocarbons\u00E4uren. Ihre Eigenschaften sind durch den Abstand der beiden funktionellen Gruppen gepr\u00E4gt. Den Abstand bezeichnet man oft durch griechische Buchstaben (\u03B1-st\u00E4ndig = 1,2-Abstand, \u03B2-st\u00E4ndig = 1,3-Abstand etc.)."@de . . . . . "5680"^^ . "\u041A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043C\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B -COOH \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0443 >C=O. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442: \n* \u03B1-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \n* \u03B2-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \n* \u03B3-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u041D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u03B1- \u0438 \u03B2-\u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430.\u041F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0443\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B. \u041A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u044B \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043A\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442."@ru . . . "1114322048"^^ . . . . "Los ceto\u00E1cidos son \u00E1cidos org\u00E1nicos que contienen un grupo funcional cetona y un grupo carboxilo. Entre los ceto\u00E1cidos se encuentran: \n* Alfa-ceto\u00E1cidos, o 2-oxo\u00E1cidos, tales como el \u00E1cido pir\u00FAvico, que tienen el grupo cetona adyacente al de \u00E1cido carbox\u00EDlico \n* , o 3-oxo\u00E1cidos, tales como el \u00E1cido acetoac\u00E9tico, que tienen el grupo cetona en el segundo carbono contando a partir del grupo carbox\u00EDlico \n* , o 4-oxo\u00E1cidos, tales como el \u00E1cido levul\u00EDnico, que tienen el grupo cetona en el tercer carbono contando a partir del grupo carbox\u00EDlico \n* Datos: Q412074 \n* Multimedia: Keto acids / Q412074"@es . . . . . . . . "Oxokyseliny jsou karboxylov\u00E9 kyseliny, kter\u00E9 maj\u00ED v \u0159et\u011Bzci mimo funk\u010Dn\u00ED skupinu nahrazen atom vod\u00EDku dvojnou vazbou v\u00E1zan\u00FDm atomem kysl\u00EDku. Pat\u0159\u00ED proto mezi substitu\u010Dn\u00ED deriv\u00E1ty. Podle v\u00FDsledn\u00E9 karbonylov\u00E9 skupiny se rozli\u0161uj\u00ED aldokyseliny (aldehydick\u00E1 skupina -CH=O) a ketokyseliny (ketoskupina -CO-)."@cs . . . "Los ceto\u00E1cidos son \u00E1cidos org\u00E1nicos que contienen un grupo funcional cetona y un grupo carboxilo. Entre los ceto\u00E1cidos se encuentran: \n* Alfa-ceto\u00E1cidos, o 2-oxo\u00E1cidos, tales como el \u00E1cido pir\u00FAvico, que tienen el grupo cetona adyacente al de \u00E1cido carbox\u00EDlico \n* , o 3-oxo\u00E1cidos, tales como el \u00E1cido acetoac\u00E9tico, que tienen el grupo cetona en el segundo carbono contando a partir del grupo carbox\u00EDlico \n* , o 4-oxo\u00E1cidos, tales como el \u00E1cido levul\u00EDnico, que tienen el grupo cetona en el tercer carbono contando a partir del grupo carbox\u00EDlico \n* Datos: Q412074 \n* Multimedia: Keto acids / Q412074"@es . . . . "Ketosyror \u00E4r organiska syror som inneh\u00E5ller b\u00E5de en karbonyl- och en karboxylgrupp. Vanliga typer av ketosyror \u00E4r: \n* Alfa-ketosyror eller 2-oxosyror, vanliga exempel \u00E4r pyrodruvsyra (pyruvat), \u03B1-ketoglutarat samt oxaloacetat. Dessa har ketogruppen n\u00E4rmast karboxylgruppen \n* Beta-ketosyror eller 3-oxosyror, till exempel aceto\u00E4ttikssyra, har ketogruppen p\u00E5 det andra kolet fr\u00E5n karboxylgruppen \n* Gamma-ketosyror eller 4-oxosyror, till exempel levulinsyra, har ketogruppen p\u00E5 det tredje kolet fr\u00E5n karboxylgruppen"@sv . . . "De ketocarbonzuren (kortweg ketozuren genoemd) vormen een stofklasse in de organische chemie en omvatten die verbinding die in hun structuur zowel een ketonfunctie als een carboxylgroep dragen."@nl . . "\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648"@ar . . . . . . . . . "\u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648\u0646. \u062A\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u03B1 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0644 (\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u0644\u064A) \u0645\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0646. \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u062D\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u062A\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644."@ar . . . . . . "\u916E\u9178"@zh . . . "Ketos\u00E4uren"@de . . "\u30B1\u30C8\u9178\uFF08\u30B1\u30C8\u3055\u3093\u3001Keto acid\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30B1\u30C8\u30F3\u57FA\u3068\u30AB\u30EB\u30DC\u30AD\u30B7\u30EB\u57FA\u3092\u542B\u3080\u6709\u6A5F\u9178\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "In organic chemistry, keto acids or ketoacids (also called oxo acids or oxoacids) are organic compounds that contain a carboxylic acid group (\u2212COOH) and a ketone group (>C=O). In several cases, the keto group is hydrated. The alpha-keto acids are especially important in biology as they are involved in the Krebs citric acid cycle and in glycolysis. Common types of keto acids include: Alpha keto acids are used primarily as energy for liver cells and in fatty acid synthesis, also in the liver."@en . . "I chetoacidi (o acidi chetonici) sono acidi carbossilici che presentano un gruppo carbonilico sulla catena carboniosa principale. A seconda della posizione del gruppo C=O sulla catena si possono avere gli alfa-chetoacidi (carbonile in posizione 2), i beta-chetoacidi (carbonile in posizione 3), i gamma-chetoacidi (carbonile in posizione 4) ecc."@it . "Chetoacidi"@it . "Ketokwasy karboksylowe, kwasy ketokarboksylowe, w skr\u00F3cie ketokwasy lub ketonokwasy \u2013 rodzaj , grupa organicznych zwi\u0105zk\u00F3w chemicznych, pochodnych kwas\u00F3w karboksylowych zawieraj\u0105cych jednocze\u015Bnie grup\u0119 karboksylow\u0105 i ketonow\u0105. W organizmach zwierz\u0105t wyst\u0119puj\u0105 trzy rodzaje ketokwas\u00F3w monokarboksylowych: Ponadto znane s\u0105 ketokwasy dwukarboksylowe, np. kwas mezoksalowy (HOOC\u2212C(O)\u2212COOH), kwas szczawiooctowy (HOOC\u2212C(O)\u2212CH2\u2212COOH) i kwas \u03B1-ketoglutarowy (HOOC\u2212C(O)\u2212CH2\u2212CH2\u2212COOH). Dwa ostatnie s\u0105 elementami cyklu Krebsa."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "Les c\u00E9toacides sont des acides organiques portant une fonction acide carboxylique et une fonction c\u00E9tone. On divise cette famille en sous-familles, en classant les compos\u00E9s par rapport aux positions respectives des deux fonctions. On compte parmi ces sous-familles: Certains acides amin\u00E9s peuvent \u00EAtre d\u00E9amin\u00E9s enzymatiquement, produisant un alpha-c\u00E9toacide. Les alpha-c\u00E9toacides sont avant tout utilis\u00E9s comme source d'\u00E9nergie, comme le 2-oxoglutarate qui est un interm\u00E9diaire du cycle de Krebs, ainsi que dans la synth\u00E8se des acides gras. Chez les mammif\u00E8res, ces r\u00E9actions ont lieu dans le foie."@fr . . . . . . . . . . "Oxokyseliny jsou karboxylov\u00E9 kyseliny, kter\u00E9 maj\u00ED v \u0159et\u011Bzci mimo funk\u010Dn\u00ED skupinu nahrazen atom vod\u00EDku dvojnou vazbou v\u00E1zan\u00FDm atomem kysl\u00EDku. Pat\u0159\u00ED proto mezi substitu\u010Dn\u00ED deriv\u00E1ty. Podle v\u00FDsledn\u00E9 karbonylov\u00E9 skupiny se rozli\u0161uj\u00ED aldokyseliny (aldehydick\u00E1 skupina -CH=O) a ketokyseliny (ketoskupina -CO-)."@cs . . . . . . . . . "Ketosyror \u00E4r organiska syror som inneh\u00E5ller b\u00E5de en karbonyl- och en karboxylgrupp. Vanliga typer av ketosyror \u00E4r: \n* Alfa-ketosyror eller 2-oxosyror, vanliga exempel \u00E4r pyrodruvsyra (pyruvat), \u03B1-ketoglutarat samt oxaloacetat. Dessa har ketogruppen n\u00E4rmast karboxylgruppen \n* Beta-ketosyror eller 3-oxosyror, till exempel aceto\u00E4ttikssyra, har ketogruppen p\u00E5 det andra kolet fr\u00E5n karboxylgruppen \n* Gamma-ketosyror eller 4-oxosyror, till exempel levulinsyra, har ketogruppen p\u00E5 det tredje kolet fr\u00E5n karboxylgruppen"@sv . . . . . "\uCF00\uD1A0\uC0B0 (keto\u9178,keto acids oxo acids)\uB294 \uD55C \uBD84\uC790 \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370\uC5D0 \uCE74\uBCF4\uB2D0\uAE30\uC640 \uCE74\uBCF5\uC2DC\uAE30\uAC00 \uD568\uAED8 \uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uC720\uAE30 \uD654\uD569\uBB3C\uC774\uB2E4. \uCF00\uD1A4\uACFC \uCE74\uBCF5\uC2E4\uC0B0\uC758 \uC131\uC9C8\uC744 \uC544\uC6B8\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0\uBA70, \uD53C\uB8E8\uBE0C\uC0B0, \uC544\uC138\uD1A0\uC544\uC138\uD2B8\uC0B0, (levulinic acid) \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uCF00\uD1A0\uC0B0 \uB610\uB294 \uC625\uC18C\uC0B0\uC740 \uCE74\uB974\uBCF5\uC2E4 \uC0B0\uAE30 \uBC0F \uCF00\uD1A4\uAE30\uB97C \uD568\uC720\uD558\uB294 \uC720\uAE30 \uD654\uD569\uBB3C\uC774\uB2E4. \uBA87\uBA87 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0, \uCF00\uD1A0(keto) \uADF8\uB8F9\uC740 \uC218\uD654\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC54C\uD30C-\uCF00\uD1A0\uC0B0(alpha-keto acid)\uC740 \uC2DC\uD2B8\uB974\uC0B0 \uD68C\uB85C(TCA)\uC640 \uD574\uB2F9\uACFC\uC815(Glycolysis)\uC5D0 \uAD00\uC5EC\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC0DD\uBB3C\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC911\uC694\uD558\uBA70 \uCE74\uBCF8\uBC31\uBCF8(carbon backbone)\uC758 \uBCC0\uD615\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uC694\uD558\uAC8C \uAD00\uC5EC\uD568\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uD2B9\uD788 \uC911\uC694\uD558\uB2E4."@ko .