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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"En ciencia pol\u00EDtica, la expresi\u00F3n inglesa spoils system (en castellano \"clientelismo\") (spoils significa en ingl\u00E9s \"bot\u00EDn\") describe una pr\u00E1ctica por la cual los partidos pol\u00EDticos del gobierno distribuyen entre sus propios militantes y simpatizantes cargos institucionales y posiciones de poder. Si bien la l\u00EDnea general de este comportamiento pol\u00EDtico tiene sus bases en el sistema de clientelismo pol\u00EDtico, la expresi\u00F3n spoils system no implica primeramente una connotaci\u00F3n negativa, a saber que tal distribuci\u00F3n de cargos sea necesariamente abusiva. En otras palabras, se trata de una expresi\u00F3n moralmente neutra que describe una pr\u00E1ctica formalmente reconocida y abiertamente aplicada, en determinados periodos hist\u00F3ricos, tanto en los Estados Unidos como en otros pa\u00EDses. Este sistema tiene como principal caracter\u00EDstica, no vincular al personal en forma permanente. El origen del t\u00E9rmino deriva de la frase \"to the victor go the spoils\" (\"al vencedor va el bot\u00EDn\"), acu\u00F1ada a inicios del siglo XIX en el noreste norteamericano. En Estados Unidos el spoils system deja de existir con la Ley Pendleton de 1883(en honor a su principal promotor el senador George Pendleton), lo que supone desde esa fecha, la utilizaci\u00F3n de un sistema neutral basado en criterios de igualdad y de m\u00E9rito para acceder a un cargo p\u00FAblico. En Gran Breta\u00F1a, unas decenios antes con la Order in Council (Decreto Real) del 21 de mayo de 1855, se aplasta el clientelismo al desarrollar procedimientos selectivos basados en el principio del m\u00E9rito."@es .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Le syst\u00E8me des d\u00E9pouilles (spoils system) est un principe selon lequel un nouveau gouvernement, devant pouvoir compter sur la loyaut\u00E9 partisane des fonctionnaires, substitue des fid\u00E8les \u00E0 ceux qui sont en place. Il est mis en place aux \u00C9tats-Unis sous la pr\u00E9sidence d'Andrew Jackson (1829\u20131837) qui, apr\u00E8s son \u00E9lection, remplace la quasi-totalit\u00E9 des membres de l\u2019administration f\u00E9d\u00E9rale. Il consid\u00E8re en effet que le peuple donne mandat au gagnant pour choisir les fonctionnaires dans ses rangs. De plus, il croit que le service public ne doit pas \u00EAtre r\u00E9serv\u00E9 \u00E0 une \u00E9lite mais accessible \u00E0 tous. L'apog\u00E9e du syst\u00E8me se situe des ann\u00E9es 1850 jusqu'au milieu des ann\u00E9es 1880, date \u00E0 laquelle le (en) (1883) rationalise la fonction publique f\u00E9d\u00E9rale."@fr .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"En ciencia pol\u00EDtica, la expresi\u00F3n inglesa spoils system (en castellano \"clientelismo\") (spoils significa en ingl\u00E9s \"bot\u00EDn\") describe una pr\u00E1ctica por la cual los partidos pol\u00EDticos del gobierno distribuyen entre sus propios militantes y simpatizantes cargos institucionales y posiciones de poder. Si bien la l\u00EDnea general de este comportamiento pol\u00EDtico tiene sus bases en el sistema de clientelismo pol\u00EDtico, la expresi\u00F3n spoils system no implica primeramente una connotaci\u00F3n negativa, a saber que tal distribuci\u00F3n de cargos sea necesariamente abusiva. En otras palabras, se trata de una expresi\u00F3n moralmente neutra que describe una pr\u00E1ctica formalmente reconocida y abiertamente aplicada, en determinados periodos hist\u00F3ricos, tanto en los Estados Unidos como en otros pa\u00EDses. Este sistema tiene com"@es .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends (cronyism), and relatives (nepotism) as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party\u2014as opposed to a merit system, where offices are awarded on the basis of some measure of merit, independent of political activity."@en .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Na pol\u00EDtica dos Estados Unidos, o spoil system (tamb\u00E9m conhecido como patronage system; em portugu\u00EAs, \"sistema de esp\u00F3lios\" ou \"patronagem\") \u00E9 uma pr\u00E1tica na qual um partido pol\u00EDtico, depois de ganhar uma elei\u00E7\u00E3o, d\u00E1 cargos no governo para seus apoiadores, como retribui\u00E7\u00E3o ao apoio dado na elei\u00E7\u00E3o e um incentivo para continuar trabalhando pelo partido, totalmente em contraposi\u00E7\u00E3o a um sistema que privilegie o m\u00E9rito, tendo semelhan\u00E7as com o clientelismo. O termo deriva da frase do ent\u00E3o senador norte-americano William L. Marcy, \"to the victor belong the spoils\" (ao vitorioso pertence o esp\u00F3lio), referindo-se \u00E0 vit\u00F3ria do democrata Andrew Jackson na Elei\u00E7\u00E3o de 1828. Quando Andrew Jackson foi eleito presidente, muitos ricos norte-americanos possu\u00EDam cargos no governo que at\u00E9 ent\u00E3o eram considerados perp\u00E9tuos \u2014 uma vez indicados pelo presidente ou pelo Congresso, n\u00E3o eram substitu\u00EDdos at\u00E9 sua morte ou sua aposentadoria. Todavia, Jackson, ap\u00F3s assumir a presid\u00EAncia, afastou muitos destes oficiais do governo, substituindo por seus seguidores; diversos historiadores acreditam que Jackson tenha iniciado o sistema de spoils."@pt .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"\uC5FD\uAD00\uC81C(\u731F\u5B98\u5236, spoils system)\uB780 \uACF5\uBB34\uC6D0\uC744 \uC784\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uBC29\uC2DD \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uB85C\uC11C, \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uB97C \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBCF4\uB2F5 \uCC28\uC6D0\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uBB34\uC6D0\uC73C\uB85C \uC784\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uCD08\uAE30 \uADFC\uB300 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758 \uC0AC\uD68C, \uD2B9\uD788 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC131\uD589\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC740 1883\uB144 \uD39C\uB4E4\uD134\uBC95\uC774 \uD1B5\uACFC\uB418\uAE30 \uC804\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC815\uBD80\uAC00 \uAC70\uC758 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uC5FD\uAD00\uC81C\uB85C \uB3CC\uC544\uAC14\uB2E4."@ko .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"Le syst\u00E8me des d\u00E9pouilles (spoils system) est un principe selon lequel un nouveau gouvernement, devant pouvoir compter sur la loyaut\u00E9 partisane des fonctionnaires, substitue des fid\u00E8les \u00E0 ceux qui sont en place. Il est mis en place aux \u00C9tats-Unis sous la pr\u00E9sidence d'Andrew Jackson (1829\u20131837) qui, apr\u00E8s son \u00E9lection, remplace la quasi-totalit\u00E9 des membres de l\u2019administration f\u00E9d\u00E9rale. Il consid\u00E8re en effet que le peuple donne mandat au gagnant pour choisir les fonctionnaires dans ses rangs. De plus, il croit que le service public ne doit pas \u00EAtre r\u00E9serv\u00E9 \u00E0 une \u00E9lite mais accessible \u00E0 tous."@fr .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Der Ausdruck Spoils System (eingedeutscht Spoilssystem) bezeichnet in der US-amerikanischen Politik die Praxis, dass der Gewinner einer Wahl seine Unterst\u00FCtzer mit Arbeitsstellen in der \u00F6ffentlichen Verwaltung belohnt. Das spoils system ist auch ein Anreiz f\u00FCr die Unterst\u00FCtzer, weiterhin f\u00FCr die Partei des Wahlgewinners zu arbeiten. Der Begriff leitet sich von Senator William L. Marcys Spruch \u201Eto the victor belong the spoils\u201C ab, auf Deutsch etwa \u201Edem Sieger geh\u00F6rt die Beute\u201C. Das spoils system steht im Gegensatz zum Konzept der Meritokratie, wo die Besetzung von Stellen nur nach Leistung und Bef\u00E4higung, aber unabh\u00E4ngig von der politischen Zugeh\u00F6rigkeit vorgenommen wird. Das spoils system ist gerechtfertigt, solange das Amt haupts\u00E4chlich ein politisches ist und dessen Aus\u00FCbung dem W\u00E4hlerwillen folgen muss (z. B. ein Landwirtschaftsminister, der f\u00FCr Bauern gute wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen erreichen soll). Wenn ein Amt fachliche Kompetenz ben\u00F6tigt, ist das spoils system sch\u00E4dlich. Auf Bundesebene wird seit der Eisenhower-Regierung 1952 jeweils nach den Pr\u00E4sidentenwahlen das gew\u00F6hnlich \u201EPlum Book\u201C genannte Handbuch United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions ver\u00F6ffentlicht. Es ist eine Auflistung jener Stellen, deren Amtsinhaber durch den Pr\u00E4sidenten ernannt werden. In Deutschland entspricht dieses Vorgehen etwa dem des Konzeptes der politischen Beamten. Dies sind in Deutschland diejenigen herausgehobenen Leitungsfunktionen (z. B. Staatssekret\u00E4re, Abteilungsleiter in Ministerien, Polizeipr\u00E4sidenten, Generale), deren Inhaber ohne Angabe von Gr\u00FCnden (meist nach einem Wechsel der politischen F\u00FChrung) in den einstweiligen Ruhestand versetzt und die dann durch die neue politische F\u00FChrung neu besetzt werden k\u00F6nnen."@de .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"Na pol\u00EDtica dos Estados Unidos, o spoil system (tamb\u00E9m conhecido como patronage system; em portugu\u00EAs, \"sistema de esp\u00F3lios\" ou \"patronagem\") \u00E9 uma pr\u00E1tica na qual um partido pol\u00EDtico, depois de ganhar uma elei\u00E7\u00E3o, d\u00E1 cargos no governo para seus apoiadores, como retribui\u00E7\u00E3o ao apoio dado na elei\u00E7\u00E3o e um incentivo para continuar trabalhando pelo partido, totalmente em contraposi\u00E7\u00E3o a um sistema que privilegie o m\u00E9rito, tendo semelhan\u00E7as com o clientelismo."@pt .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"I USA:s politiska historia \u00E4r spoilssystemet (engelska: spoils system) beteckningen p\u00E5 den praxis som inneb\u00E4r att det parti som har makten f\u00F6rdelar f\u00F6rm\u00E5ner och offentliga \u00E4mbeten till sina egna medlemmar. Namnet kommer fr\u00E5n frasen \"to the victor go the spoils\" (ungef\u00E4r \"\u00E5t segraren rovet\") d\u00E4r spoils \u00E4r vilka lyxvaror som helst som kan f\u00E5s som till exempel krigsbyte. F\u00F6respr\u00E5kare f\u00F6r systemet ans\u00E5g att offentliga \u00E4mbeten var bel\u00F6ningar som kunde ges till lojala anh\u00E4ngare."@sv .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"I USA:s politiska historia \u00E4r spoilssystemet (engelska: spoils system) beteckningen p\u00E5 den praxis som inneb\u00E4r att det parti som har makten f\u00F6rdelar f\u00F6rm\u00E5ner och offentliga \u00E4mbeten till sina egna medlemmar. Namnet kommer fr\u00E5n frasen \"to the victor go the spoils\" (ungef\u00E4r \"\u00E5t segraren rovet\") d\u00E4r spoils \u00E4r vilka lyxvaror som helst som kan f\u00E5s som till exempel krigsbyte. F\u00F6respr\u00E5kare f\u00F6r systemet ans\u00E5g att offentliga \u00E4mbeten var bel\u00F6ningar som kunde ges till lojala anh\u00E4ngare."@sv .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Lo spoils system (traduzione letterale dall'inglese: sistema del bottino) \u00E8 la pratica politica, nata negli Stati Uniti d'America tra il 1820 e il 1865, secondo cui gli alti dirigenti della pubblica amministrazione cambiano con il cambiare del governo. Le forze politiche al governo affidano dunque la guida della macchina amministrativa a dirigenti che ritengono che non soltanto possano, ma anche vogliano far loro raggiungere gli obiettivi politici. Nell'accezione pi\u00F9 negativa, le forze politiche al governo distribuiscono a propri affiliati e simpatizzanti le varie cariche istituzionali, la titolarit\u00E0 di uffici pubblici e posizioni di potere, come incentivo a lavorare per il partito o l'organizzazione politica, e in modo da garantire gli interessi di chi li ha investiti dell'incarico."@it .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends (cronyism), and relatives (nepotism) as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party\u2014as opposed to a merit system, where offices are awarded on the basis of some measure of merit, independent of political activity. The term was used particularly in politics of the United States, where the federal government operated on a spoils system until the Pendleton Act was passed in 1883 due to a civil service reform movement. Thereafter the spoils system was largely replaced by nonpartisan merit at the federal level of the United States. The term was derived from the phrase \"to the victor belong the spoils\" by New York Senator William L. Marcy, referring to the victory of Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828, with the term spoils meaning goods or benefits taken from the loser in a competition, election or military victory. Similar spoils systems are common in other nations that traditionally have been based on tribal organization or other kinship groups and localism in general."@en .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Patrona\u017C \u2013 strategia wzmacniania politycznego wp\u0142ywu na drodze nominacji politycznych. Podstawowy instrument polityki partyjnej, kt\u00F3ry umo\u017Cliwia rewan\u017C pracownikom aparatu partyjnego za ich oddan\u0105 prac\u0119 podczas kampanii wyborczej. Z jednej strony system pozwala na dobranie sobie lojalnych pracownik\u00F3w, z drugiej jednak\u017Ce neguje zasad\u0119 profesjonalizmu i apolityczno\u015Bci s\u0142u\u017Cby publicznej."@pl .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"Der Ausdruck Spoils System (eingedeutscht Spoilssystem) bezeichnet in der US-amerikanischen Politik die Praxis, dass der Gewinner einer Wahl seine Unterst\u00FCtzer mit Arbeitsstellen in der \u00F6ffentlichen Verwaltung belohnt. Das spoils system ist auch ein Anreiz f\u00FCr die Unterst\u00FCtzer, weiterhin f\u00FCr die Partei des Wahlgewinners zu arbeiten. Der Begriff leitet sich von Senator William L. Marcys Spruch \u201Eto the victor belong the spoils\u201C ab, auf Deutsch etwa \u201Edem Sieger geh\u00F6rt die Beute\u201C."@de .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"Patrona\u017C \u2013 strategia wzmacniania politycznego wp\u0142ywu na drodze nominacji politycznych. Podstawowy instrument polityki partyjnej, kt\u00F3ry umo\u017Cliwia rewan\u017C pracownikom aparatu partyjnego za ich oddan\u0105 prac\u0119 podczas kampanii wyborczej. Z jednej strony system pozwala na dobranie sobie lojalnych pracownik\u00F3w, z drugiej jednak\u017Ce neguje zasad\u0119 profesjonalizmu i apolityczno\u015Bci s\u0142u\u017Cby publicznej."@pl .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoils_system>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0456 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. spoils system) (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0430 \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0436\u0443) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u0435\u0457\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0457\u0439 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u044E, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043E\u044E \u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0447\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044E \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u044F\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u043C \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043B\u043B\u044F \u0456 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0443 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F 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\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0435 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E\u043F\u0443\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0445\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0448\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u00AB\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00BB \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0439. \u042F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0433. \u041D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u0418 \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u042D\u043D\u0434\u0440\u044E \u0414\u0436\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043D, \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442 \u0432 1829\u20141837 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0443 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0432 919 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0417\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043C \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 spoils system \u2014 \u00AB\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0436 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u0438\u00BB. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440, \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A \u0423\u0438\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043C \u041B. \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0438, \u0432\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044C, \u0432\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0438\u043B \u0432 1832 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0430\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u044F\u0432\u0438\u0432, \u00AB\u0447\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0434\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u0430 (spoils of the enemy)\u00BB. \u0412 1883 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u0441\u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044F \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0441\u0430 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043B\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043C, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0448\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043F\u043B\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044B, \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u043B \u0417\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D \u043E \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u043A , \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u00AB\u043E\u0442\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B\u00BB \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u043B \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0433 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439."@ru .
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