About: The Efficacy of Social Distance and Ventilation Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : wasabi.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

Attributes	Values
type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
has title	The Efficacy of Social Distance and Ventilation Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission
Creator	Sun, Chanjuan Zhai, John
Source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Social distancing and ventilation were emphasized broadly to control the ongoing pandemic COVID-19 in confined spaces. Rationales behind these two strategies, however, were debated, especially regarding quantitative recommendations. The answers to “what is the safe distance” and “what is sufficient ventilation” are crucial to the upcoming reopening of businesses and schools, but rely on many medical, biological, and engineering factors. This study introduced two new indices into the popular while perfect-mixing-based Wells-Riley model for predicting airborne virus related infection probability – the underlying reasons for keeping adequate social distance and space ventilation. The distance index P(d) can be obtained by theoretical analysis on droplet distribution and transmission from human respiration activities, and the ventilation index E(z) represents the system-dependent air distribution efficiency in a space. The study indicated that 1.6-3.0 m (5.2-9.8 ft) is the safe social distance when considering aerosol transmission of exhaled large droplets from talking, while the distance can be up to 8.2 m (26 ft) if taking into account of all droplets under calm air environment. Because of unknown dose response to COVID-19, the model used one actual pandemic case to calibrate the infectious dose (quantum of infection), which was then verified by a number of other existing cases with short exposure time (hours). Projections using the validated model for a variety of scenarios including transportation vehicles and building spaces illustrated that (1) increasing social distance (e.g., halving occupancy density) can significantly reduce the infection rate (20-40%) during the first 30 minutes even under current ventilation practices; (2) minimum ventilation or fresh air requirement should vary with distancing condition, exposure time, and effectiveness of air distribution systems.
has issue date	2020-07-13(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/j.scs.2020.102390
bibo:pmid	32834937
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	f52f9792b084069c9e3fc3d0fa5b16bae7073ea1
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102390
resource representing a document's title	The Efficacy of Social Distance and Ventilation Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7357531
has PubMed identifier	32834937
schema:publication	Sustain Cities Soc
resource representing a document's body	covid:f52f9792b084069c9e3fc3d0fa5b16bae7073ea1#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'factors' named entity 'respiration' named entity 'rely' named entity 'airborne' named entity 'pandemic' named entity 'model' named entity 'distance' named entity 'social distance' named entity 'exhaled' named entity 'SYSTEM' named entity 'EXHALED' named entity 'BASED' named entity 'NEW' named entity 'ENGINEERING' named entity 'INFECTION' named entity 'AIR' named entity 'SOCIAL DISTANCE' named entity 'OBTAINED BY' named entity 'CALM' named entity 'EFFICIENCY' named entity 'social distance' named entity 'ongoing' named entity 'transmission' named entity 'droplet' named entity 'social distance' named entity 'space' named entity 'medical' named entity 'existing' named entity 'verified' named entity 'modified' named entity 'model' named entity 'reasons' named entity 'Social distancing' named entity 'Ventilation' named entity 'Effectiveness' named entity 'Journal' named entity '5.2' named entity 'Riley model' named entity 'infection' named entity 'aerosol' named entity 'COVID-19' named entity 'Social Distance' named entity 'COVID-19' named entity 'Social Distance' named entity 'social distancing' named entity 'infection' named entity 'virus' named entity 'social distancing' named entity '5.2' named entity 'WHO' named entity 'infection' named entity 'saliva' named entity 'infection' named entity 'COVID-19' named entity 'infection' named entity 'infection' named entity 'infection' named entity 'infection' named entity 'COVID-19 virus' named entity 'vertical transmission' named entity 'COVID' named entity 'high-speed train' named entity 'fresh air' named entity 'social distancing' named entity 'infection' named entity 'CDC' named entity 'virus transmission' named entity 'infection' named entity 'high-speed train' named entity 'horizontal transmission' named entity 'infection' named entity 'infection' named entity 'infection' named entity 'infectious diseases' named entity 'Italy' named entity 'social distancing' named entity 'infection' named entity 'horizontal transmission' named entity 'infectious diseases' named entity 'COVID'

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